{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201915373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118290","title":"MRSaiFE: An AI-Based Approach Towards the Real-Time Prediction of Specific Absorption Rate","display_name":"MRSaiFE: An AI-Based Approach Towards the Real-Time Prediction of Specific Absorption Rate","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201915373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118290","mag":"3201915373","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34722096","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8553142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118290","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09559970.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09559970.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050183141","display_name":"Say\u0131m G\u00f6kyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-5440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayim Gokyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10065 USA."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10065 USA.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153466","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058594692","display_name":"Fraser Robb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-9709"},"institutions":[],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fraser J. L. Robb","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Healthcare Coils, 1515 Danner Drive, Aurora, OH 44202 USA."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Healthcare Coils, 1515 Danner Drive, Aurora, OH 44202 USA.","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072224337","display_name":"Wolfgang Kainz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-4135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kainz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064829377","display_name":"Akshay Chaudhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3667-6796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Chaudhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford (IBIIS), James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, S255 Stanford, CA 94305 USA."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford (IBIIS), James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, S255 Stanford, CA 94305 USA.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046413003","display_name":"Simone Winkler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-9488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153466","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02r109517","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Angela Winkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153466","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":1.883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.779317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":90},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"140824","last_page":"140834"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-absorption-rate","display_name":"Specific absorption rate","score":0.6778627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gradient-descent","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Descent","score":0.41393006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84237751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914138","display_name":"Specific absorption rate","level":3,"score":0.6778627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.66279113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6184112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.58487797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5339704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5027919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47493583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.4722889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4343376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206688291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617819","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.41393006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3295447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32794297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31247285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19678822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118290","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09559970.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca30ad94b25c4c7aad1fe1d924ec5cd8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc8553142","pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc8553142?pdf=render","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Bioinformatics Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8553142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34722096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118290","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09559970.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.56}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320307759","funder_display_name":"General Electric","award_id":null},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health","award_id":"R00EB024341"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507566278","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1961429842","https://openalex.org/W1967011127","https://openalex.org/W1977717973","https://openalex.org/W2032070683","https://openalex.org/W2051869597","https://openalex.org/W2056015481","https://openalex.org/W2075846276","https://openalex.org/W2081774390","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117026441","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2145048473","https://openalex.org/W2170695792","https://openalex.org/W2288778438","https://openalex.org/W2547747083","https://openalex.org/W2589870402","https://openalex.org/W2593032986","https://openalex.org/W2604996334","https://openalex.org/W2605025961","https://openalex.org/W2755467672","https://openalex.org/W2794977498","https://openalex.org/W2899954077","https://openalex.org/W2901358579","https://openalex.org/W2918060227","https://openalex.org/W2942172765","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2959938807","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2972046205","https://openalex.org/W2978245825","https://openalex.org/W2978964966","https://openalex.org/W2990277087","https://openalex.org/W2995412459","https://openalex.org/W3031498014","https://openalex.org/W3047134482","https://openalex.org/W3080893417","https://openalex.org/W3083383881","https://openalex.org/W3104349830","https://openalex.org/W3113396289","https://openalex.org/W3127243174","https://openalex.org/W3165120213","https://openalex.org/W3194623075","https://openalex.org/W3196298017","https://openalex.org/W4233326001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366280654","https://openalex.org/W4362706668","https://openalex.org/W4231621013","https://openalex.org/W4206903459","https://openalex.org/W3171021120","https://openalex.org/W3160167280","https://openalex.org/W3091278439","https://openalex.org/W3020853991","https://openalex.org/W2895097035","https://openalex.org/W2754816816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,204],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,9,164,171,181,187],"this":[3,22],"study":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,61,75,146,209],"investigate":[7],"feasibility":[8],"estimating":[10],"the":[11,63,113,117,139,143,195],"specific":[12],"absorption":[13],"rate":[14],"(SAR)":[15],"in":[16,18,36,66,213],"MRI":[17],"real":[19],"time.":[20],"To":[21],"goal,":[23],"SAR":[24,64,81,148,196,212],"maps":[25,82,197],"are":[26],"predicted":[27],"from":[28],"3T-":[29],"and":[30,55,80,85,93,99,116,134,167,178,184],"7T-simulated":[31],"magnetic":[32],"resonance":[33],"(MR)":[34],"images":[35,79,175],"10":[37],"realistic":[38,67],"human":[39],"body":[40,68,104,191],"models":[41],"via":[42],"a":[43],"convolutional":[44,57,136],"neural":[45],"network.":[46],"Two-dimensional":[47],"(2-D)":[48],"U-Net":[49,126],"architectures":[50],"with":[51,127,160],"varying":[52],"contraction":[53],"layers":[54,133],"different":[56],"filters":[58,137],"were":[59],"designed":[60],"estimate":[62,147],"distribution":[65],"models.":[69,105],"Sim4Life":[70],"(ZMT,":[71],"Switzerland)":[72],"was":[73,110,122],"used":[74,111],"create":[76],"simulated":[77],"anatomical":[78],"at":[83,138,176],"3T":[84,190],"7T":[86],"imaging":[87,215],"frequencies":[88],"for":[89,157,173,189,198],"Duke,":[90],"Ella,":[91],"Charlie,":[92],"Pregnant":[94],"Women":[95],"(at":[96],"3,":[97],"7,":[98],"9":[100],"month":[101],"gestational":[102],"stages)":[103],"Mean":[106],"squared":[107],"error":[108],"(MSE)":[109],"as":[112],"cost":[114],"function":[115],"structural":[118],"similarity":[119],"index":[120],"(SSIM)":[121],"reported.":[123],"A":[124],"2-D":[125],"4":[128,131],"contracting":[129],"(and":[130],"expanding)":[132],"64":[135],"initial":[140],"stage":[141],"showed":[142],"best":[144],"compromise":[145],"distributions.":[149],"Adam":[150],"optimizer":[151],"outperformed":[152],"stochastic":[153],"gradient":[154],"descent":[155],"(SGD)":[156],"all":[158],"cases":[159],"an":[161,168,179,185],"average":[162,169],"SSIM":[163,180],"90.5\u22133.6":[165],"%":[166,183],"MSE":[170,186],"0.7\u22130.6%":[172],"head":[174],"7T,":[177],">85.1\u22136.2":[182],"0.4\u22130.4%":[188],"imaging.":[192],"Algorithms":[193],"estimated":[194],"224\u00d7224":[199],"slices":[200],"under":[201],"30":[202],"ms.":[203],"proposed":[205],"methodology":[206],"shows":[207],"promise":[208],"predict":[210],"real-time":[211],"clinical":[214],"settings":[216],"without":[217],"using":[218],"extra":[219],"mapping":[220],"techniques":[221],"or":[222],"patient-specific":[223],"calibrations.":[224]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3201915373","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-01-04T09:53:01.924015","created_date":"2021-10-11"}