{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178179846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3094129","title":"A Technique for Securing Multiple Digital Images Based on 2D Linear Congruential Generator, Silver Ratio, and Galois Field","display_name":"A Technique for Securing Multiple Digital Images Based on 2D Linear Congruential Generator, Silver Ratio, and Galois Field","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178179846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3094129","mag":"3178179846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3094129","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09469804.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09469804.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042439422","display_name":"Abdul Gaffar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-9067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186246823","display_name":"University of Lucknow","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdeag60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Gaffar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069031137","display_name":"Anand B. Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-4032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186246823","display_name":"University of Lucknow","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdeag60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand B. Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058385222","display_name":"Sonali Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-5744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186246823","display_name":"University of Lucknow","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdeag60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonali Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009385455","display_name":"Vishnu Narayan Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-7710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I296362101","display_name":"Indira Gandhi National Tribal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04yayy336","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I296362101"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnu Narayan Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Madhya Pradesh, Amarkantak, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Madhya Pradesh, Amarkantak, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I296362101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036286698","display_name":"Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9498-6602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47400469","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas \"Francisco Garc\u00eda Salinas\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01m296r74","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47400469"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamurabi Gamboa Rosales","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47400469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013695668","display_name":"Liang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4989-5004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121283","display_name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtve16","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Medicine Intelligent and Development, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Medicine Intelligent and Development, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121283","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065459326","display_name":"Arvind Dhaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-2690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73779912","display_name":"Manipal University Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/040h76494","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Dhaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73779912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054777936","display_name":"Lakshmi Narayan Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-7290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakshmi Narayan Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.612,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.719965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":81,"max":83},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"96125","last_page":"96150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6897964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.6080564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.591438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5193461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.44412988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140642157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623338","display_name":"Pseudorandom number generator","level":2,"score":0.44373366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43507203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.4322443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.43075946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.37012714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.34646833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34337872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31850442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21508276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10591805}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3094129","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09469804.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/beb0a9936579458da00b9b2169c1b1b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3094129","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09469804.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"82072228"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"92048205"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322999","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","award_id":"CHDI-2019-C-02"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320325413","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization","award_id":"202001007"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award_id":"2020YFC2008700"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142045744","https://openalex.org/W1533179050","https://openalex.org/W1585665690","https://openalex.org/W1979802565","https://openalex.org/W1984818664","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2018913979","https://openalex.org/W2022852240","https://openalex.org/W2031648200","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2126209209","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2425286230","https://openalex.org/W2561696003","https://openalex.org/W2570307742","https://openalex.org/W2766112633","https://openalex.org/W2796263184","https://openalex.org/W2887477933","https://openalex.org/W2894744784","https://openalex.org/W2897961929","https://openalex.org/W2902871491","https://openalex.org/W2967307615","https://openalex.org/W3001010821","https://openalex.org/W3004758647","https://openalex.org/W3006545686","https://openalex.org/W3012305343","https://openalex.org/W3012308848","https://openalex.org/W3016580126","https://openalex.org/W3018325382","https://openalex.org/W3024278770","https://openalex.org/W3026266985","https://openalex.org/W3042293860","https://openalex.org/W3069910143","https://openalex.org/W3089199565","https://openalex.org/W3117086792","https://openalex.org/W3163664435","https://openalex.org/W3165109979","https://openalex.org/W4252614677","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300031860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197756843","https://openalex.org/W3195404686","https://openalex.org/W2998159925","https://openalex.org/W2988803943","https://openalex.org/W2790612152","https://openalex.org/W2768918307","https://openalex.org/W2161451071","https://openalex.org/W2110031805","https://openalex.org/W2040020606","https://openalex.org/W115686965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"of":[1,13,18,31,54,63,75,132,176,188,197],"multiple":[2,120],"digital":[3,121],"images":[4,131],"over":[5],"an":[6],"unsecured":[7],"channel":[8],"is":[9,59,99,114,158],"a":[10,72,102,153],"current":[11],"area":[12],"research":[14],"in":[15,77],"the":[16,28,32,38,46,49,52,55,64,68,78,82,86,90,140,156,193,198],"field":[17],"image":[19,58],"cryptography.Several":[20],"techniques":[21,34,40],"have":[22,70],"been":[23],"proposed":[24,96],"for":[25,93,152],"this":[26],"purpose.However,":[27],"main":[29],"drawbacks":[30],"existing":[33,39],"are":[35],"as":[36,169],"follows:":[37],"can":[41],"be":[42],"applied":[43],"merely":[44,117],"to":[45,118,138],"grayscale":[47],"or":[48],"truecolor":[50],"images;":[51,67],"size":[53],"cipher":[56],"(output)":[57],"bigger":[60],"than":[61],"that":[62],"plain":[65],"(input)":[66],"authors":[69],"used":[71],"large":[73],"number":[74,175],"parameters":[76],"encryption/decryption":[79,94],"process,":[80],"besides":[81],"secret":[83],"key;":[84],"and":[85,111,128,148,164,195],"cipher/decipher":[87],"rounds":[88],"use":[89],"same":[91],"key":[92,170],"process.The":[95],"technique,":[97],"which":[98],"based":[100],"on":[101],"two-dimensional":[103],"(2D)":[104],"Linear":[105],"Congruential":[106],"Generator":[107],"(LCG),":[108],"silver":[109],"ratio,":[110],"Galois":[112],"field,":[113],"designed":[115,143,199],"not":[116],"secure":[119,154],"images,":[122],"namely,":[123],"three":[124],"truecolor,":[125],"nine":[126],"grayscale,":[127],"seventy-two":[129],"binary":[130],"different":[133],"sizes,":[134],"simultaneously,":[135],"but":[136],"also":[137],"address":[139],"above":[141],"drawbacks.The":[142],"technique":[144,157],"achieves":[145],"both":[146],"confusion":[147],"diffusion":[149],"properties":[150],"essential":[151],"cryptosystem.Also,":[155],"empirically":[159],"assessed":[160],"via":[161],"several":[162],"statistical":[163],"security":[165],"evaluation":[166,190],"metrics,":[167],"such":[168],"sensitivity,":[171],"histogram,":[172],"chi-square,":[173],"entropy,":[174],"pixel":[177],"change":[178],"rate,":[179],"structural":[180],"similarity":[181],"index":[182],"measure,":[183],"processing":[184],"time,":[185],"etc.The":[186],"results":[187],"these":[189],"metrics":[191],"prove":[192],"efficiency":[194],"robustness":[196],"technique.":[200]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3178179846","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-02T23:02:21.953854","created_date":"2021-07-19"}