{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3104679956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044024","title":"Stress Testing Method for Scenario-Based Testing of Automated Driving Systems","display_name":"Stress Testing Method for Scenario-Based Testing of Automated Driving Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3104679956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044024","mag":"3104679956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290063.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055611883","display_name":"Demin Nalic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-8727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demin Nalic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041565076","display_name":"Hexuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-4989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hexuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084393303","display_name":"Arno Eichberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-8085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arno Eichberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053237684","display_name":"Christoph Wellershaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-3368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Wellershaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009011554","display_name":"Aleksa Pandurevic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksa Pandurevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069160592","display_name":"Branko Rogic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096310","display_name":"Magna (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zb4pn27","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096310","https://openalex.org/I4210157170"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Branko Rogic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG, Graz, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096310"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.755,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.827743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"224974","last_page":"224984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9971,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vissim","display_name":"VisSim","score":0.9706247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-simulation","display_name":"Traffic simulation","score":0.5291529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scenario-testing","display_name":"Scenario testing","score":0.4438356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation","score":0.43211323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-testing","display_name":"Stress testing (software)","score":0.4293324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.41379797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775988433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369244","display_name":"VisSim","level":3,"score":0.9706247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7236222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5684556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.53468585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778391309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832527","display_name":"Traffic simulation","level":3,"score":0.5291529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80519477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532236","display_name":"Scenario testing","level":3,"score":0.4438356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43211323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7515471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936882","display_name":"Stress testing (software)","level":2,"score":0.4293324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.41379797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16600254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14136755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.11021951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780015235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934035","display_name":"Microsimulation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.06553","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.06553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ef76515ff77452e865b2733ef519387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.06553","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.06553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.2011.06553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09290063.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.42,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","funder_display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","award_id":null}],"datasets":[],"versions":["https://openalex.org/W3104679956"],"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12878098","https://openalex.org/W1438143351","https://openalex.org/W146964248","https://openalex.org/W1786173205","https://openalex.org/W1914008033","https://openalex.org/W1967371255","https://openalex.org/W2013650778","https://openalex.org/W2041059896","https://openalex.org/W2097444453","https://openalex.org/W2113523706","https://openalex.org/W2134966418","https://openalex.org/W2150518582","https://openalex.org/W2157339759","https://openalex.org/W2344308998","https://openalex.org/W2525936901","https://openalex.org/W2592855415","https://openalex.org/W2624449213","https://openalex.org/W2762978019","https://openalex.org/W2795485095","https://openalex.org/W2905059695","https://openalex.org/W2961723372","https://openalex.org/W2963657083","https://openalex.org/W2970679500","https://openalex.org/W2991414358","https://openalex.org/W3002286896","https://openalex.org/W3006414217","https://openalex.org/W3010764092","https://openalex.org/W3016410773","https://openalex.org/W3017570107","https://openalex.org/W3106119288","https://openalex.org/W311914724","https://openalex.org/W3123836640","https://openalex.org/W3145505790","https://openalex.org/W3158153148","https://openalex.org/W4243645814","https://openalex.org/W4247025672","https://openalex.org/W600444827","https://openalex.org/W836107214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W642839264","https://openalex.org/W4386171236","https://openalex.org/W4241826175","https://openalex.org/W3167113985","https://openalex.org/W2392193087","https://openalex.org/W2392121277","https://openalex.org/W2356232345","https://openalex.org/W2096070584","https://openalex.org/W2082014842","https://openalex.org/W2040411888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classical":[0],"approaches":[1],"for":[2,42,50],"testing":[3,44,52,107,175],"of":[4,9,31,59,102,108,154,159,190,234],"automated":[5],"driving":[6,228],"systems":[7],"(ADS)":[8],"SAE":[10,32],"levels":[11],"1":[12],"and":[13,40,45,77,85,93,99,118,136,151,168,217],"2":[14],"were":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17,24,205],"defined":[18],"scenarios":[19,161],"with":[20,115],"specific":[21],"maneuvers,":[22],"depending":[23],"the":[25,35,56,60,64,73,106,137,147,157,188,191,210],"function":[26],"under":[27,193],"test.":[28],"For":[29,122],"ADS":[30,65],"level":[33],"3+,":[34],"scenario":[36],"space":[37],"is":[38,66,105,163,178],"infinite":[39],"calling":[41],"virtual":[43,51,61],"verification.":[46],"The":[47],"biggest":[48],"challenge":[49],"methods":[53],"lies":[54],"in":[55,88,110,187,195,207,221,231],"realistic":[57,119,150],"representation":[58],"environment":[62,70,86,114],"where":[63],"tested.":[67],"Such":[68],"an":[69,232],"shall":[71],"provide":[72],"possibility":[74],"to":[75,90,143,197,225],"model":[76],"develop":[78],"vehicles,":[79],"objects,":[80],"control":[81],"algorithms,":[82],"traffic":[83,113,120,129,155,183],"participants":[84,184],"elements":[87],"order":[89,196],"generate":[91,167],"valid":[92],"representative":[94],"test":[95,144,194],"data.":[96],"An":[97],"important":[98],"crucial":[100],"aspect":[101],"such":[103,170],"environments":[104],"vehicles":[109],"a":[111,116,127,172],"complex":[112],"stochastic":[117,152],"representation.":[121],"this":[123,181],"research":[124],"we":[125],"used":[126,224],"microscopic":[128],"flow":[130],"simulation":[131,139],"software":[132,140],"(TFSS)":[133],"PTV":[134,215],"Vissim":[135,216,222],"vehicle":[138,192],"IPG":[141,213],"CarMaker":[142],"ADS.":[145],"Although":[146],"TFSS":[148],"provides":[149],"behavior":[153],"participants,":[156],"occurrence":[158],"safety-critical":[160],"(SCS)":[162],"not":[164],"guaranteed.":[165],"To":[166],"increase":[169,233],"scenarios,":[171],"novel":[173],"stress":[174],"method":[176],"(STM)":[177],"introduced.":[179],"With":[180],"method,":[182],"are":[185,223],"manipulated":[186],"vicinity":[189],"provoke":[198],"SCS":[199],"derived":[200],"from":[201],"statistical":[202],"accident":[203],"data":[204],"motorways":[206],"Austria.":[208],"Using":[209],"co-simulation":[211],"between":[212],"CarMaker,":[214],"external":[218],"driver":[219],"models":[220],"imitate":[226],"human":[227],"errors,":[229],"resulting":[230],"SCS.":[235]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3104679956","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-04-19T16:02:05.538949","created_date":"2020-11-23"}