{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033831622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000424","title":"Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering","display_name":"Scalability Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033831622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000424","mag":"3033831622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000424","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109701.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109701.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073056101","display_name":"Hamidreza Taghvaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-6086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Taghvaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078035284","display_name":"Sergi Abadal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-0260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergi Abadal","raw_affiliation_strings":["NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071695788","display_name":"Alexandros Pitilakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5523-1621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros Pitilakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029406795","display_name":"Odysseas Tsilipakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-0955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Odysseas Tsilipakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028737213","display_name":"Anna C. Tasolamprou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-5470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna C. Tasolamprou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054811310","display_name":"Christos Liaskos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Liaskos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043743792","display_name":"Maria Kafesaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-2576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Kafesaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064200333","display_name":"Nikolaos V. Kantartzis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-7838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos V. Kantartzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091745795","display_name":"Albert Cabellos\u2010Aparicio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-7584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Cabellos-Aparicio","raw_affiliation_strings":["NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033267870","display_name":"Eduard Alarc\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-7153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Alarcon","raw_affiliation_strings":["NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NaNoNetworking Center in Catalonia (N3Cat), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.009,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999905,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"105320","last_page":"105334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.6340772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensioning","display_name":"Dimensioning","score":0.49802613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection","score":0.46466884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.69912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6976819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.6340772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.53326666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.52326024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89714869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280470","display_name":"Dimensioning","level":2,"score":0.49802613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.46466884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45667905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.43182516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3872655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37455988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34504104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20161805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17167506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12421945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.123927236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11781335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.094530135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000424","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109701.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9be1d20ebea47a0958508dc6132e22d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/13465521","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/16500056/Scalability_Analysis_of_Programmable_Metasurfaces_for_Beam_Steering.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Nottingham"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/13465521/1/Scalability%20Analysis%20of%20Programmable%20Metasurfaces%20for%20Beam%20Steering","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/13465521/1/Scalability%20Analysis%20of%20Programmable%20Metasurfaces%20for%20Beam%20Steering","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402482","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Nottingham"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/329909","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/329909/1/09109701.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.06917","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000424","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109701.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322121","funder_display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","award_id":null},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322565","funder_display_name":"Stavros Niarchos Foundation","award_id":"ARCHERS"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","funder_display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies","award_id":"H2020-FETOPEN-736876 (VISORSURF)"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930073432","https://openalex.org/W1964545747","https://openalex.org/W2014094736","https://openalex.org/W2030614989","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2083841295","https://openalex.org/W2097014909","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2118761136","https://openalex.org/W2121607567","https://openalex.org/W2238937638","https://openalex.org/W2345604706","https://openalex.org/W2346871083","https://openalex.org/W2400732625","https://openalex.org/W2430451911","https://openalex.org/W2536076834","https://openalex.org/W2548804839","https://openalex.org/W2606107257","https://openalex.org/W2641112369","https://openalex.org/W2738707536","https://openalex.org/W2740268063","https://openalex.org/W2741935822","https://openalex.org/W2753341795","https://openalex.org/W2768411980","https://openalex.org/W2790634998","https://openalex.org/W2794344156","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2805855133","https://openalex.org/W2808128011","https://openalex.org/W2891104830","https://openalex.org/W2893267040","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2901268226","https://openalex.org/W2909726043","https://openalex.org/W2915123640","https://openalex.org/W2916238596","https://openalex.org/W2921463204","https://openalex.org/W2929612105","https://openalex.org/W2941117682","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2953705619","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2963187309","https://openalex.org/W2963238659","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W2964066573","https://openalex.org/W2965006566","https://openalex.org/W2971770269","https://openalex.org/W2976966118","https://openalex.org/W2979849198","https://openalex.org/W2979956268","https://openalex.org/W2994721343","https://openalex.org/W3004150905","https://openalex.org/W3006557588","https://openalex.org/W3007936529","https://openalex.org/W3009902505","https://openalex.org/W3098848151","https://openalex.org/W3101830715","https://openalex.org/W3105983977","https://openalex.org/W3126135128","https://openalex.org/W4214749394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W582258172","https://openalex.org/W4234886592","https://openalex.org/W2980301606","https://openalex.org/W2379979386","https://openalex.org/W2372259569","https://openalex.org/W2367248359","https://openalex.org/W2363010132","https://openalex.org/W1998726547","https://openalex.org/W1749089359","https://openalex.org/W1562131159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programmable":[0],"metasurfaces":[1,47,167],"have":[2],"garnered":[3],"significant":[4],"attention":[5],"as":[6,29,99,142],"they":[7],"confer":[8],"unprecedented":[9],"control":[10],"over":[11],"the":[12,43,50,63,74,88,111,125,145,215,218,233],"electromagnetic":[13],"(EM)":[14],"response":[15,89],"of":[16,45,52,90,101,105,127,144,150,178,217],"any":[17,116],"surface.":[18],"Such":[19],"feature":[20],"has":[21],"given":[22],"rise":[23],"to":[24,49,72,86,115,207,235],"novel":[25],"design":[26,64,75,106],"paradigms":[27],"such":[28],"Software-Defined":[30],"Metamaterials":[31],"(SDM)":[32],"and":[33,107,154,160,181,205,228],"Reconfigurable":[34],"Intelligent":[35],"Surfaces":[36],"(RIS)":[37],"with":[38,175,226],"multiple":[39],"groundbreaking":[40],"applications.":[41,135],"However,":[42],"development":[44,216],"programmable":[46],"tailored":[48],"particularities":[51],"a":[53,59,79,83,91,102],"potentially":[54],"large":[55],"application":[56],"pool":[57],"becomes":[58,66],"daunting":[60],"task":[61],"because":[62],"space":[65],"remarkably":[67],"large.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70,120],"aims":[71],"ease":[73],"process":[76],"by":[77],"proposing":[78],"methodology":[80,112],"that":[81,166,194],"employs":[82],"semi-analytical":[84],"formulation":[85],"model":[87],"metasurface":[92,155,237],"and,":[93],"then,":[94],"derives":[95],"performance":[96,188,195,222],"scaling":[97],"trends":[98],"functions":[100,143],"representative":[103],"set":[104],"application-specific":[108],"variables.":[109],"Although":[110],"is":[113,164,192,212],"amenable":[114],"EM":[117],"functionality,":[118],"this":[119],"explores":[121],"its":[122],"use":[123],"for":[124,133,157,198],"case":[126],"beam":[128,137],"steering":[129,138],"at":[130],"26":[131],"GHz":[132],"5G":[134],"Conventional":[136],"metrics":[139],"are":[140],"evaluated":[141],"unit":[146,151,176,183,219],"cell":[147,152,184],"size,":[148],"number":[149],"states,":[153],"size":[156],"different":[158],"incidence":[159],"reflection":[161],"angles.":[162],"It":[163],"shown":[165],"$5\\lambda":[168],"\\times":[169],"5":[170],"\\lambda":[171],"$":[172],"or":[173],"larger":[174,200],"cells":[177],"$\\lambda":[179],"/3$":[180],"four":[182],"states":[185],"ensure":[186],"good":[187],"overall.":[189],"Further,":[190],"it":[191],"demonstrated":[193],"degrades":[196],"significantly":[197],"angles":[199],"than":[201],"$\\theta":[202],">":[203],"60^{o}$":[204],"that,":[206],"combat":[208],"this,":[209],"extra":[210],"effort":[211],"needed":[213],"in":[214],"cell.":[220],"These":[221],"trends,":[223],"when":[224],"combined":[225],"power":[227],"cost":[229],"models,":[230],"will":[231],"pave":[232],"way":[234],"optimal":[236],"dimensioning.":[238]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3033831622","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-04-22T05:03:50.950912","created_date":"2020-06-12"}