{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014571356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2985494","title":"Machine Learning Aided Diagnosis of Diseases Without Clinical Gold Standard: A New Score for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Based on pH Monitoring","display_name":"Machine Learning Aided Diagnosis of Diseases Without Clinical Gold Standard: A New Score for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Based on pH Monitoring","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014571356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2985494","mag":"3014571356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2985494","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09056522.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09056522.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034885233","display_name":"Yuzhu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-5172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367350","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-715X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038704805","display_name":"Lianyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-7005"},"institutions":[],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435747","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-3175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378187","display_name":"Lipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101988201","display_name":"Simeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074719037","display_name":"Zhezhe Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-920X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhezhe Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014291580","display_name":"Changmin Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changmin Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102341682","display_name":"Hongdan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongdan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017810530","display_name":"Haolun Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haolun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102601848","display_name":"Changqing Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101078554","display_name":"Bingxin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057107257","display_name":"Baowei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-0450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baowei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063583236","display_name":"Xinwei Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060552570","display_name":"Ying Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-7897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404556","display_name":"Xiaoli Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101759172","display_name":"Wei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-9339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Sense Organ Stress and Health, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.941,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":80,"max":82},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"67005","last_page":"67014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9952,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laryngopharyngeal-reflux","display_name":"Laryngopharyngeal Reflux","score":0.8087508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","score":0.7353392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice","display_name":"Clinical Practice","score":0.44952172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367616","display_name":"Laryngopharyngeal reflux","level":4,"score":0.8087508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.7353392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.68797606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43270747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898610","display_name":"Reflux","level":3,"score":0.6025491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5547541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.44952172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.43274662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3494081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.16119486}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2985494","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09056522.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a88f29a88514eff890b92d8c38b9c20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2985494","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09056522.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61876015"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","award_id":"4202040"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117075685","https://openalex.org/W1193984273","https://openalex.org/W1537662695","https://openalex.org/W1967159269","https://openalex.org/W1968291003","https://openalex.org/W1990334093","https://openalex.org/W2019288156","https://openalex.org/W2027871666","https://openalex.org/W2031795937","https://openalex.org/W2061037700","https://openalex.org/W2063212890","https://openalex.org/W2064129790","https://openalex.org/W2086937882","https://openalex.org/W2093268197","https://openalex.org/W2110106141","https://openalex.org/W2114317994","https://openalex.org/W2114535077","https://openalex.org/W2117566166","https://openalex.org/W2117722911","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2133690268","https://openalex.org/W2134510195","https://openalex.org/W2143712591","https://openalex.org/W2168396020","https://openalex.org/W2251862587","https://openalex.org/W2287031968","https://openalex.org/W2339611261","https://openalex.org/W2550999023","https://openalex.org/W2607941059","https://openalex.org/W2889467975","https://openalex.org/W2895310799","https://openalex.org/W2907280455","https://openalex.org/W2944548267","https://openalex.org/W2982413149","https://openalex.org/W2987531266","https://openalex.org/W3005016675"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402925286","https://openalex.org/W4391061246","https://openalex.org/W4312099223","https://openalex.org/W4306403710","https://openalex.org/W3026575618","https://openalex.org/W2998770772","https://openalex.org/W2948891099","https://openalex.org/W2789376692","https://openalex.org/W2472076225","https://openalex.org/W1978253915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Laryngopharyngeal":[1,56],"Reflux":[2,57],"Disease":[3],"(LPRD)":[4],"is":[5,16,44],"prevalent":[6],"and":[7,31,53,79,92,117,141,166,205,229],"has":[8,167],"a":[9,39,101,168],"range":[10],"of":[11,19,22,67,81,159,197,211,240],"symptoms.":[12],"However,":[13],"diagnosing":[14],"LPRD":[15,161,189,219],"difficult":[17],"because":[18],"the":[20,64,68,93,132,157,160,179,194,209,237],"lack":[21],"specific":[23],"symptoms":[24],"or":[25],"clinical":[26,41,47,144,181,195,215,227],"gold":[27,42],"standard.":[28],"An":[29],"objective":[30],"reliable":[32,206],"test,":[33],"which":[34,154,186],"does":[35],"not":[36],"rely":[37],"on":[38,63,136],"perfect":[40],"standard,":[43],"required":[45],"in":[46,214,226],"practice.":[48,216],"Methods:":[49],"60":[50],"normal":[51],"volunteers":[52],"74":[54],"confirmed":[55],"(LPR)":[58],"patients":[59,220,231],"were":[60,87,108],"labelled":[61,106],"based":[62,135],"combined":[65,109],"consideration":[66],"reflux":[69,72],"symptom":[70],"index,":[71],"finding":[73],"score,":[74],"24h":[75],"oropharyngeal":[76],"pH":[77,90],"monitoring":[78],"results":[80],"anti-reflux":[82,212,224],"treatment.":[83],"72":[84],"candidate":[85],"features":[86],"extracted":[88],"from":[89,223],"recordings":[91],"most":[94],"efficient":[95],"feature":[96,115],"combination":[97],"was":[98,128,173],"detected":[99],"using":[100,120],"stepwise":[102],"wrapper":[103],"method.":[104],"The":[105],"data":[107,113,140],"with":[110,178],"1552":[111],"unlabelled":[112],"for":[114,208,235],"selection":[116],"model":[118,126,134],"training":[119],"semi-supervised":[121],"learning.":[122],"A":[123,148],"latent":[124],"class":[125],"method":[127],"used":[129],"to":[130],"assess":[131],"proposed":[133],"64":[137],"additional":[138],"validation":[139],"an":[142,202],"imperfect":[143],"reference":[145],"test.":[146,182],"Results:":[147],"new":[149],"score":[150,176,185,200],"(named":[151],"W":[152,175,184,199],"score),":[153],"significantly":[155,187],"improved":[156],"sensitivity":[158],"test":[162],"(82.67%":[163],"vs.":[164],"24.09%)":[165],"relatively":[169],"high":[170],"specificity":[171],"(80.19%),":[172],"proposed.":[174],"concurs":[177],"complicated":[180],"Conclusion:":[183],"improves":[188],"diagnostic":[190],"efficiency,":[191],"can":[192,221],"aid":[193],"diagnosis":[196],"LPRD.":[198],"provides":[201],"objective,":[203],"efficient,":[204],"indicator":[207],"application":[210],"treatment":[213,225],"Significance:":[217],"More":[218],"benefit":[222],"practice":[228],"fewer":[230],"may":[232],"suffer":[233],"from,":[234],"example,":[236],"side":[238],"effects":[239],"unnecessary":[241],"long-term":[242],"Proton":[243],"Pump":[244],"Inhibitors":[245],"(PPI)":[246],"treatments.":[247]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3014571356","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-04-22T08:56:24.677893","created_date":"2020-04-10"}