{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013889479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982654","title":"Attention-Based Radar PRI Modulation Recognition With Recurrent Neural Networks","display_name":"Attention-Based Radar PRI Modulation Recognition With Recurrent Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013889479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982654","mag":"3013889479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982654","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028578817","display_name":"Xueqiong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-4947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqiong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046860299","display_name":"Zhangmeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangmeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101706871","display_name":"Zhitao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-5181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhitao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.724,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999974,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"57426","last_page":"57436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-warfare","display_name":"Electronic warfare","score":0.58951306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.57798415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.54689646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.50995624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8078482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7118575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133082901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272826","display_name":"Electronic warfare","level":3,"score":0.58951306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.57798415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.54689646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.52467984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.511515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.50995624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5062727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.47071832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4556421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4191236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36536402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27075654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17994884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09182984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.08085132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6bd687e609b496b976feaa952a9ce16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"2019JJ10004"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1408639475","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1578336695","https://openalex.org/W1598796236","https://openalex.org/W1990189124","https://openalex.org/W2000424290","https://openalex.org/W2047306525","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065186731","https://openalex.org/W2069890526","https://openalex.org/W2116261113","https://openalex.org/W2116717356","https://openalex.org/W2118534224","https://openalex.org/W2125031621","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2131571251","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2144786300","https://openalex.org/W2154890045","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2167981441","https://openalex.org/W2250879510","https://openalex.org/W2264105282","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2295032983","https://openalex.org/W2340258819","https://openalex.org/W2470673105","https://openalex.org/W2590141315","https://openalex.org/W2594396939","https://openalex.org/W2605516844","https://openalex.org/W2610635252","https://openalex.org/W2649995573","https://openalex.org/W2690721124","https://openalex.org/W2749348810","https://openalex.org/W2781618636","https://openalex.org/W2782286039","https://openalex.org/W2784570262","https://openalex.org/W2789664529","https://openalex.org/W2808600229","https://openalex.org/W2886717398","https://openalex.org/W2895211628","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2962965405","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2995130233","https://openalex.org/W2997791733","https://openalex.org/W3003223402","https://openalex.org/W3046498951","https://openalex.org/W3099136959","https://openalex.org/W654636658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389302554","https://openalex.org/W3174003812","https://openalex.org/W3165235970","https://openalex.org/W3113091479","https://openalex.org/W3093927415","https://openalex.org/W2351499910","https://openalex.org/W2162899405","https://openalex.org/W2098241101","https://openalex.org/W2097221511","https://openalex.org/W2093655330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Analyzing":[0],"radar":[1],"signals":[2],"is":[3,44,123],"a":[4,33,47,130],"critical":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7,107],"modern":[8],"Electronic":[9],"Warfare":[10],"(EW)":[11],"environments.":[12,82],"However,":[13,55],"the":[14,75],"pulse":[15,40,100],"streams":[16,101],"emitted":[17],"by":[18],"radars":[19],"have":[20],"flexible":[21],"features":[22],"and":[23,68,106,114,128],"complex":[24,103],"patterns":[25],"which":[26],"are":[27],"difficult":[28],"to":[29,52,98,125],"be":[30,53],"identified":[31],"from":[32],"statistical":[34],"perspective.":[35],"To":[36],"solve":[37],"this":[38,84],"problem,":[39],"repetition":[41],"interval":[42],"(PRI)":[43],"used":[45],"as":[46],"distinguishing":[48],"parameter":[49],"of":[50,78,112],"emitters":[51,79],"identified.":[54],"traditional":[56],"PRI":[57,66,104],"modulation":[58],"recognition":[59,90],"methods":[60],"can":[61],"only":[62],"deal":[63],"with":[64,74,102,109],"simple":[65],"modulations":[67,105],"their":[69],"performance":[70,132],"will":[71],"further":[72],"degrade":[73],"increasing":[76],"number":[77],"or":[80],"noisy":[81,126],"In":[83],"paper,":[85],"we":[86],"introduce":[87],"an":[88],"attention-based":[89],"framework":[91],"based":[92],"on":[93],"recurrent":[94],"neural":[95],"network":[96],"(RNN)":[97],"categorize":[99],"environments":[108,127],"high":[110],"ratios":[111],"missing":[113],"spurious":[115],"pulses.":[116],"Simulation":[117],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"our":[121],"model":[122],"robust":[124],"has":[129],"better":[131],"than":[133],"conventional":[134],"methods.":[135]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3013889479","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-05-01T03:05:55.191768","created_date":"2020-04-03"}