{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905885786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887308","title":"Unsupervised Learning-Based Fast Beamforming Design for Downlink MIMO","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning-Based Fast Beamforming Design for Downlink MIMO","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905885786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887308","mag":"2905885786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887308","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08586870.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08586870.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010856","display_name":"Hao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-1987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075408600","display_name":"Wenchao Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6245-0347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051897815","display_name":"Jian Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384175","display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5019-6393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024123401","display_name":"Gan Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gan Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K."],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K.","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618810","display_name":"Xiaomei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-2668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":13.428,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":212,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.861817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"7599","last_page":"7605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9971,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.5256137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7980081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7099571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6889244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.52762485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5256137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5067702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4650876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.44523177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.44131064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39145458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.33797365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29917517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1199851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.090551496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.077138126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887308","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08586870.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f628ab816044cedaeb7b6caed770813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Unsupervised_learning_based_fast_beamforming_design_for_downlink_MIMO/9566942","pdf_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Unsupervised_learning_based_fast_beamforming_design_for_downlink_MIMO/9566942/1/files/17199275.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Illinois Chicago"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36579","pdf_url":"https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Unsupervised_learning_based_fast_beamforming_design_for_downlink_MIMO/9566942/1/files/17199275.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Loughborough University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2887308","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08586870.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","funder_display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","award_id":"RPG-2017-129"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61701258"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61501223"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61501248"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award_id":"BK20170906"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","award_id":"17KJB510044"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","award_id":"EP/N007840/1"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W2030546921","https://openalex.org/W2100755644","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2143927285","https://openalex.org/W2163762663","https://openalex.org/W2412510955","https://openalex.org/W2495425901","https://openalex.org/W2566425973","https://openalex.org/W2616867685","https://openalex.org/W2617931713","https://openalex.org/W2767151733","https://openalex.org/W2797462110","https://openalex.org/W2808769300","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2839844222","https://openalex.org/W2886124254","https://openalex.org/W2889082118","https://openalex.org/W2889155365","https://openalex.org/W2890860720","https://openalex.org/W2896666719","https://openalex.org/W2902897529","https://openalex.org/W2908997014","https://openalex.org/W2963145597","https://openalex.org/W2963290405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W4200589288","https://openalex.org/W3195147989","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W2158165366","https://openalex.org/W2103590590","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,31,35,72,102,111,117,123,129,140,145,156],"downlink":[2],"transmission":[3],"scenario,":[4],"power":[5,37],"allocation":[6],"and":[7,78,126],"beamforming":[8,64],"design":[9,65],"at":[10],"transmitter":[12],"are":[13],"essential":[14],"when":[15],"using":[16,67],"multiple":[17,24],"antenna":[18],"arrays.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"considers":[22],"a":[23,62],"input\u2013multiple":[25],"output":[26],"broadcast":[27],"channel":[28],"to":[29,115,155],"maximize":[30],"weighted":[32,41],"sum-rate":[33],"under":[34],"total":[36],"constraint.":[38],"The":[39,89],"classical":[40],"minimum":[42],"mean-square":[43],"error":[44],"(WMMSE)":[45],"algorithm":[46,114],"can":[47],"obtain":[48],"suboptimal":[49],"solutions":[50],"but":[51],"involves":[52],"high":[53],"computational":[54,124,149],"complexity.":[55],"To":[56],"reduce":[57],"this":[58],"complexity,":[59],"we":[60,109],"propose":[61],"fast":[63],"method":[66,97,147],"unsupervised":[68],"learning,":[69],"which":[70,120],"trains":[71],"deep":[73],"neural":[74,86],"network":[75,87,118],"(DNN)":[76],"offline":[77],"provides":[79],"real-time":[80],"service":[81],"online":[82],"only":[83],"with":[84,152],"simple":[85],"operations.":[88],"training":[90],"process":[91,104],"is":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94],"an":[95],"end-to-end":[96],"without":[98],"labeled":[99],"samples":[100],"avoiding":[101],"complicated":[103],"of":[105,128],"obtaining":[106],"labels.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"use":[110],"\"APoZ\"-based":[112],"pruning":[113],"compress":[116],"volume,":[119],"further":[121],"reduces":[122],"complexity":[125],"volume":[127],"DNN,":[130],"making":[131],"it":[132],"more":[133],"suitable":[134],"for":[135],"low":[136],"computation-capacity":[137],"devices.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"experimental":[141],"results":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"that":[144],"proposed":[146],"improves":[148],"speed":[150],"significantly":[151],"performance":[153],"close":[154],"WMMSE":[157],"algorithm.":[158]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2905885786","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":63}],"updated_date":"2025-02-24T13:51:44.321224","created_date":"2019-01-01"}