{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098717700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/10.966605","title":"A methodology for achieving high-speed rates for artificial conductance injection in electrically excitable biological cells","display_name":"A methodology for achieving high-speed rates for artificial conductance injection in electrically excitable biological cells","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098717700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/10.966605","mag":"2098717700","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11759927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/10.966605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085073238","display_name":"Robert J. Butera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. Butera","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Elecrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Elecrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066815169","display_name":"C.G. Wilson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110767","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.G. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control, NINDS, National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA","Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control, NINDS, National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001014028","display_name":"C.A. DelNegro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110767","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.A. DelNegro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control, (NINDS), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA","Department of Neurobiology, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control, (NINDS), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110767","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurobiology, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025482808","display_name":"Jeffrey C. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-4643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110767","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.C. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control (NINDS), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control (NINDS), National Institutes of Health DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210110767"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.326,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.787456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"12","first_page":"1460","last_page":"1470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.6186922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.6186922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6137379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.4388669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.43374464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36259025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.21531802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20423448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09751189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018408","descriptor_name":"Patch-Clamp Techniques","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004553","descriptor_name":"Electric Conductivity","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/10.966605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11759927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.51,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123588201","https://openalex.org/W1485765901","https://openalex.org/W1515026142","https://openalex.org/W1542177822","https://openalex.org/W156844318","https://openalex.org/W162543050","https://openalex.org/W1940618937","https://openalex.org/W1951749181","https://openalex.org/W1963913059","https://openalex.org/W1973674955","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W1994435350","https://openalex.org/W2002915960","https://openalex.org/W2037688283","https://openalex.org/W2041734573","https://openalex.org/W2046772969","https://openalex.org/W2058035478","https://openalex.org/W2068025638","https://openalex.org/W2077430379","https://openalex.org/W2079424860","https://openalex.org/W2121851196","https://openalex.org/W2154806697","https://openalex.org/W2163660989","https://openalex.org/W2166303812","https://openalex.org/W2220903811","https://openalex.org/W2247137493","https://openalex.org/W2257814594","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W52281509","https://openalex.org/W54201051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213608175","https://openalex.org/W3117675750","https://openalex.org/W3095633856","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2315668284","https://openalex.org/W2155789024","https://openalex.org/W2141743053","https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2109491806","https://openalex.org/W2058044441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,111],"present":[1],"a":[2,127,136],"novel":[3],"approach":[4,23],"to":[5,29,126,149,165],"implementing":[6],"the":[7,30,108,160,166],"dynamic-clamp":[8],"protocol":[9],"(Sharp":[10],"et":[11],"al.,":[12],"1993),":[13],"commonly":[14],"used":[15],"in":[16,92,107],"neurophysiology":[17],"and":[18,83,116,133,177],"cardiac":[19],"electrophysiology":[20],"experiments.":[21],"Our":[22,61],"is":[24,73],"based":[25],"on":[26],"real-time":[27],"extensions":[28],"Linux":[31],"operating":[32],"system.":[33],"Conventional":[34],"PC-based":[35],"approaches":[36],"have":[37],"typically":[38],"utilized":[39],"single-cycle":[40],"computational":[41,152],"rates":[42,55,157],"of":[43,76,79,86,162,168],"10":[44],"kHz":[45],"or":[46,100],"slower.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49,163],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,64],"demonstrate":[52,112],"reliable":[53],"cycle-to-cycle":[54],"as":[56,58],"fast":[57,169,173,178],"50":[59],"kHz.":[60],"system,":[62],"which":[63],"call":[65],"model":[66,87,101,153],"reference":[67],"current":[68],"injection":[69],"(MRCI),":[70],"pronounced":[71],"merci,":[72],"also":[74],"capable":[75],"episodic":[77],"logging":[78],"internal":[80,151],"state":[81],"variables":[82],"interactive":[84],"manipulation":[85],"parameters.":[88],"The":[89],"limiting":[90],"factor":[91],"achieving":[93],"high":[94,114],"speeds":[95,115],"was":[96],"not":[97],"processor":[98],"speed":[99],"complexity,":[102],"but":[103],"cycle":[104],"jitter":[105],"inherent":[106],"CPU/motherboard":[109],"performance.":[110],"these":[113],"flexibility":[117],"with":[118],"two":[119],"examples:":[120],"1)":[121],"adding":[122],"action-potential":[123],"ionic":[124],"currents":[125,171,176],"mammalian":[128],"neuron":[129],"under":[130],"whole-cell":[131],"patch-clamp":[132],"2)":[134],"altering":[135],"cell's":[137],"intrinsic":[138],"dynamics":[139],"via":[140,146],"MRCI":[141],"while":[142],"simultaneously":[143],"coupling":[144],"it":[145],"artificial":[147],"synapses":[148],"an":[150],"cell.":[154],"These":[155],"higher":[156],"greatly":[158],"extend":[159],"applicability":[161],"technique":[164],"study":[167],"electrophysiological":[170],"such":[172],"Na/sup":[174],"+/":[175],"excitatory/inhibitory":[179],"synapses.":[180]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2098717700","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-01-06T09:24:18.800241","created_date":"2016-06-24"}