乐胖代购免代理版

{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1513676328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0117","title":"Free-space optical links for latency-tolerant traffic","display_name":"Free-space optical links for latency-tolerant traffic","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1513676328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0117","mag":"1513676328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010086453","display_name":"Martin Czaputa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Czaputa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Broadband Communications, Graz University of Technology, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Broadband Communications, Graz University of Technology, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091612000","display_name":"Steve Hranilovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-2489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Hranilovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108686263","display_name":"Sajid Sheikh Muhammad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.S. Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NU), Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (FAST-NU), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006834895","display_name":"Erich Leitgeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Leitgeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Broadband Communications, Graz University of Technology, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Broadband Communications, Graz University of Technology, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.196,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.587791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":80,"max":81},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5","first_page":"507","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-adaptation","display_name":"Link adaptation","score":0.47012982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.42840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.4108463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7054734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6274992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.53525263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.53217655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5273507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138916503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2714551","display_name":"Link adaptation","level":4,"score":0.47012982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.42731482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.4108463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.374435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35585755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.33726898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.32849514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32065988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2875294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16914904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.0966256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.094789416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2011.0117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1975130857","https://openalex.org/W1983330672","https://openalex.org/W1993031327","https://openalex.org/W2003005180","https://openalex.org/W2036696237","https://openalex.org/W2045456583","https://openalex.org/W204657539","https://openalex.org/W2051427790","https://openalex.org/W2079372592","https://openalex.org/W2097548040","https://openalex.org/W2100359132","https://openalex.org/W2106107960","https://openalex.org/W2109815475","https://openalex.org/W2117593697","https://openalex.org/W2118898443","https://openalex.org/W2136253824","https://openalex.org/W2145647341","https://openalex.org/W2163729646","https://openalex.org/W2213827293","https://openalex.org/W2227985529","https://openalex.org/W4240300385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242733035","https://openalex.org/W2476647282","https://openalex.org/W2377548672","https://openalex.org/W2363311713","https://openalex.org/W2361503959","https://openalex.org/W2357198663","https://openalex.org/W2049012800","https://openalex.org/W1976332733","https://openalex.org/W1970863749","https://openalex.org/W1605585683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Peer-to-peer":[0],"(P2P)":[1],"traffic":[2,27],"and":[3,70,85,116,135],"other":[4],"latency-tolerant":[5,57],"data":[6,118],"sources":[7],"form":[8],"a":[9,45,103,120,138,148,157],"large":[10],"portion":[11],"of":[12,25,31,94,98,105,132,152,181],"present-day":[13],"backbone":[14,54],"traffic.":[15,58],"Traffic":[16],"shaping":[17],"has":[18,175],"been":[19],"introduced":[20],"to":[21,47,52,55,72,81,126],"reduce":[22],"the":[23,29,32,53,92,96,99,110,178],"amount":[24],"P2P":[26],"at":[28],"expense":[30],"end-user":[33],"experience.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"work,":[37],"free-space":[38],"optical":[39],"(FSO)":[40],"links":[41,61],"are":[42,62,68,89,124],"proposed":[43],"as":[44],"means":[46],"connect":[48],"internet":[49],"service":[50],"providers":[51],"carry":[56],"Although":[59],"FSO":[60,100,141],"less":[63],"reliable":[64],"than":[65,108],"fibre,":[66],"they":[67],"inexpensive":[69],"able":[71,80],"provide":[73],"high":[74],"throughput":[75,97,180],"for":[76,156],"traffic,":[77],"which":[78],"is":[79],"tolerate":[82],"delay.":[83],"Single":[84],"adaptive":[86,173],"modulation":[87,140,145,174,187],"schemes":[88],"designed":[90],"with":[91],"goal":[93],"maximising":[95,109],"link":[101],"over":[102,176],"period":[104],"time":[106],"rather":[107],"instantaneous":[111],"reliability.":[112],"Real":[113],"world":[114],"weather":[115],"visibility":[117],"from":[119],"major":[121],"Canadian":[122],"city":[123],"used":[125],"evaluate":[127],"various":[128],"techniques":[129],"in":[130],"terms":[131],"throughput,":[133],"availability":[134],"outage.":[136],"For":[137],"fixed":[139],"system,":[142],"four-pulse":[143],"amplitude":[144],"(PAM)":[146],"supports":[147],"yearly":[149],"average":[150,179],"rate":[151],"near":[153],"1.5":[154],"Gbps":[155],"1":[158],"km":[159],"range,":[160],"whereas":[161],"conventional":[162],"on\u2013off-keying":[163],"(OOK)":[164],"achieves":[165],"880":[166],"Mbps.":[167],"With":[168],"additional":[169],"channel":[170],"feedback":[171],"data,":[172],"double":[177],"OOK":[182],"using":[183],"four":[184],"different":[185],"PAM":[186],"schemes.":[188]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1513676328","counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-16T02:00:48.601324","created_date":"2016-06-24"}