{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390616375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","title":"Machine learning-based clinical decision support system for treatment recommendation and overall survival prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-center study","display_name":"Machine learning-based clinical decision support system for treatment recommendation and overall survival prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-center study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390616375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38182886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100768094","display_name":"Kyung Hwa Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-8451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799980853","display_name":"Korea University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs2sd33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Hwa Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055576688","display_name":"Gwang Hyeon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-8427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803058125","display_name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb3km46","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwang Hyeon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028436330","display_name":"Jihye Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-6687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihye Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027735596","display_name":"Jonggi Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonggi Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001","https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046178076","display_name":"Myung Ji Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802194831","display_name":"Samsung Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a15z872","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myung Ji Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089872352","display_name":"Dong Hyun Sinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-5554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802194831","display_name":"Samsung Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a15z872","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Hyun Sinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110481166","display_name":"Young Joo Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153373","display_name":"Inha University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gj5px28","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Joo Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009135089","display_name":"Minseok Albert Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1850-9406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseok Albert Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062596225","display_name":"Su Jong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-7977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802835388","display_name":"Seoul National University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4nnt86","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Jong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802835388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090655403","display_name":"Sangmi Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5529-7735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153373","display_name":"Inha University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gj5px28","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangmi Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053917380","display_name":"Soon Kyu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1865-8225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160144","display_name":"Seoul St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056cn0e37","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soon Kyu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037984062","display_name":"Jeong Won Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-8474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160144","display_name":"Seoul St. Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/056cn0e37","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong Won Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100694892","display_name":"Jae Seung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-0967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae Seung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404804","display_name":"Do Young Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-3439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799970807","display_name":"Severance Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044kjp413","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807","https://openalex.org/I4210160791"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Do Young Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799970807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078573156","display_name":"Young Youn Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9384-5357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153376","display_name":"Chung-Ang University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4mh63","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Youn Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744568","display_name":"Hyung Joon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-948X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153376","display_name":"Chung-Ang University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4mh63","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069131178","display_name":"Se\u2010Hwa Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799980853","display_name":"Korea University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs2sd33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sehwa Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013365638","display_name":"Ji Hoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3924-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799980853","display_name":"Korea University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02cs2sd33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Hoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799980853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004946653","display_name":"Namkug Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-2217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Namkug Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089499718","display_name":"Kang Mo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-3178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Mo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001","https://openalex.org/I116631150"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004946653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I116631150"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":11.079,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brier-score","display_name":"Brier score","score":0.6391622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority Rule","score":0.43209547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.42913872}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7505374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35405484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967066","display_name":"Brier score","level":2,"score":0.6391622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.61955965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5153367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4878826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47191957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.46744502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4487997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.43209547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.42913872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.25477833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10770025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38182886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00976-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00976-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.42}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322107","funder_display_name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","award_id":"MD-PhD/Medical Scientist Training Program"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1907994617","https://openalex.org/W1986546598","https://openalex.org/W1996987764","https://openalex.org/W1997533142","https://openalex.org/W2026750231","https://openalex.org/W2028319026","https://openalex.org/W2031184266","https://openalex.org/W2073001877","https://openalex.org/W2091802880","https://openalex.org/W2116825089","https://openalex.org/W2155982020","https://openalex.org/W2186162088","https://openalex.org/W2277004004","https://openalex.org/W2404776032","https://openalex.org/W2582878252","https://openalex.org/W2796067155","https://openalex.org/W2898197178","https://openalex.org/W2911965732","https://openalex.org/W2963470017","https://openalex.org/W2969969042","https://openalex.org/W2985583390","https://openalex.org/W2988359971","https://openalex.org/W3004612364","https://openalex.org/W3007100994","https://openalex.org/W3012041784","https://openalex.org/W3037964460","https://openalex.org/W3042282673","https://openalex.org/W3083817441","https://openalex.org/W3086029573","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3134687420","https://openalex.org/W3136026849","https://openalex.org/W4210676880","https://openalex.org/W4210955410","https://openalex.org/W4285012367","https://openalex.org/W4303685901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388550696","https://openalex.org/W4366990902","https://openalex.org/W4321636153","https://openalex.org/W4317732970","https://openalex.org/W4313289487","https://openalex.org/W4252172277","https://openalex.org/W3092957444","https://openalex.org/W3080944905","https://openalex.org/W2953079191","https://openalex.org/W1845209238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,67,169,218],"treatment":[2,35,96,122,148,156,243],"decisions":[3],"for":[4,48,62,228],"patients":[5],"with":[6,82,127],"hepatocellular":[7],"carcinoma":[8],"are":[9],"determined":[10],"by":[11,135,224],"a":[12,20,40,80,111],"wide":[13],"range":[14],"of":[15,26,87,155,198],"factors,":[16],"and":[17,31,64,69,74,102,120,130,139,161,166,174,194,204,209,212,215],"there":[18],"is":[19],"significant":[21],"difference":[22],"between":[23],"the":[24,32,90,103,118,125,128,131,136,146,152,159,178,184,202,238],"recommendations":[25],"widely":[27],"used":[28],"staging":[29],"systems":[30],"actual":[33],"initial":[34,95],"choices.":[36],"Herein,":[37],"we":[38],"propose":[39],"machine":[41],"learning-based":[42],"clinical":[43,84],"decision":[44],"support":[45],"system":[46,220],"suitable":[47],"use":[49],"in":[50,59,158,201],"multi-center":[51],"settings.":[52],"We":[53,78,116],"collected":[54],"data":[55],"from":[56,124,230],"nine":[57],"institutions":[58,233],"South":[60],"Korea":[61],"training":[63],"validation":[65],"datasets.":[66],"internal":[68,160,203],"external":[70,162,205],"datasets":[71,163,206],"included":[72,182],"935":[73],"1750":[75],"patients,":[76],"respectively.":[77,168,217],"developed":[79],"model":[81,138],"20":[83],"variables":[85],"consisting":[86],"two":[88],"stages:":[89],"first":[91,119,147],"stage":[92],"which":[93,106],"recommends":[94],"using":[97,110],"an":[98],"ensemble":[99,137],"voting":[100],"machine,":[101],"second":[104,121,179],"stage,":[105],"predicts":[107],"post-treatment":[108,142],"survival":[109,113,199],"random":[112],"forest":[114],"algorithm.":[115],"derived":[117],"options":[123],"results":[126],"highest":[129],"second-highest":[132],"probabilities":[133],"given":[134],"predicted":[140],"their":[141],"survival.":[143],"When":[144],"only":[145],"option":[149,180],"was":[150,164,181],"accepted,":[151],"mean":[153],"accuracy":[154,170],"recommendation":[157],"67.27%":[165],"55.34%,":[167],"increased":[171],"to":[172],"87.27%":[173],"86.06%,":[175],"respectively,":[176],"when":[177,241],"as":[183],"correct":[185],"answer.":[186],"Harrell\u2019s":[187],"C":[188],"index,":[189],"integrated":[190,195],"time-dependent":[191],"AUC":[192],"curve,":[193],"Brier":[196],"score":[197],"prediction":[200],"were":[207],"0.8381":[208],"0.7767,":[210],"91.89":[211],"86.48,":[213],"0.12,":[214],"0.14,":[216],"proposed":[219],"can":[221],"assist":[222],"physicians":[223,236],"providing":[225],"data-driven":[226],"predictions":[227],"reference":[229],"other":[231,235],"larger":[232],"or":[234],"within":[237],"same":[239],"institution":[240],"making":[242],"decisions.":[244]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390616375","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-01-18T10:23:34.386027","created_date":"2024-01-07"}