{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210598349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.293","title":"Throughput Analysis of an Amazon Go Retail under the COVID-19-related Capacity Constraints","display_name":"Throughput Analysis of an Amazon Go Retail under the COVID-19-related Capacity Constraints","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210598349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.293","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35103086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.293","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109537734","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s F. Calder\u00f3n - Ochoa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112678","display_name":"University of the Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5nhr20","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s F. Calder\u00f3n - Ochoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Productivity and Innovation Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Productivity and Innovation Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033087481","display_name":"Jairo R. Coronado-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-6128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112678","display_name":"University of the Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5nhr20","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jairo R. Coronado - Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Productivity and Innovation Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Productivity and Innovation Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064690391","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Portnoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-7596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112678","display_name":"University of the Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5nhr20","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Portnoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Productivity and Innovation Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Productivity and Innovation Department, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109537734","https://openalex.org/A5033087481","https://openalex.org/A5064690391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678","https://openalex.org/I4210112678","https://openalex.org/I4210112678"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.011,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.703507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":82,"max":85},"biblio":{"volume":"198","issue":null,"first_page":"602","last_page":"607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.9878,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.9878,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11536","display_name":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","score":0.9837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.9679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-planning","display_name":"Capacity planning","score":0.46577188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosecurity","display_name":"Biosecurity","score":0.43979153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.729416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7094807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.50351256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.46841305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781007418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456934","display_name":"Capacity planning","level":2,"score":0.46577188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.46147653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781368420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803874","display_name":"Biosecurity","level":2,"score":0.43979153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.4372194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42330742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41494077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.36397624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31695205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25899017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19117132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.18319231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8790957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35103086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2232750714","https://openalex.org/W3031579431","https://openalex.org/W3035152443","https://openalex.org/W3105891913","https://openalex.org/W3124163279","https://openalex.org/W3142211719","https://openalex.org/W4211171549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W94583568","https://openalex.org/W4236352108","https://openalex.org/W3122984599","https://openalex.org/W3118124772","https://openalex.org/W2740943629","https://openalex.org/W2187948720","https://openalex.org/W2187194691","https://openalex.org/W2162307491","https://openalex.org/W2067911502","https://openalex.org/W1995268055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,184],"throughput":[1,101,127,213,239,256],"of":[2,11,86,114,218],"a":[3,15,23,81,94,107,126,142,170],"finite-capacity":[4],"queueing":[5],"system":[6],"is":[7,240],"the":[8,31,68,73,84,91,100,112,115,134,181,193,208,215,227,236,245,254,261,264,269,276,290,293,297,304],"mean":[9],"number":[10,85],"clients":[12],"served":[13],"during":[14],"time":[16],"interval.":[17],"COVID-19":[19,182],"outbreak":[20],"has":[21,71,96],"posed":[22],"serious":[24],"challenge":[25],"for":[26,67,232,249],"many":[27],"commercial":[28],"establishments,":[29],"including":[30],"retails,":[32],"which":[33],"have":[34,43],"struggled":[35],"to":[36,38,46,51,57,76,180,190,200],"adapt":[37],"new":[39],"working":[40],"dynamics.":[41],"Retails":[42],"been":[44,72],"forced":[45],"adjust":[47],"their":[48],"service":[49,307],"guidelines":[50],"comply":[52],"with":[53,169,242,260],"biosecurity":[54,294],"protocols,":[55],"ensuring":[56],"observe":[58],"governmental":[59],"and":[60,155,195,206,212,222,296,306],"public":[61],"health":[62],"policies.":[63],"A":[64],"significant":[65],"change":[66],"retail":[69,123,143,167],"market":[70],"capacity":[74,116,131,177,211,266,278],"restrictions":[75,178],"ensure":[77],"social":[78],"distancing,":[79],"i.e.,":[80],"limitation":[82],"on":[83,99,119],"customers":[87],"simultaneously":[88],"shopping":[89],"in":[90,145],"store.":[92],"Such":[93],"constraint":[95],"an":[97,120,162,196],"impact":[98,113],"that":[102,275],"can":[103],"be":[104,258,282,287],"achieved":[105,241,259],"by":[106],"retail.":[108],"This":[109],"article":[110],"assesses":[111],"restriction":[117],"measures":[118],"Amazon":[121,163],"Go-like":[122],"performance":[124,228],"through":[125],"analysis":[128,229],"under":[129,214],"COVID-19-related":[130],"restrictions.":[132],"For":[133],"assessment,":[135],"we":[136,160],"first":[137],"retrieved":[138],"real":[139],"data":[140],"from":[141,226],"located":[144],"Cartagena,":[146],"Colombia.":[147],"Two":[148],"scenarios":[149,220],"were":[150],"considered:":[151],"i)":[152],"low":[153],"demand":[154,305],"ii)":[156],"high":[157,223],"demand.":[158],"Further,":[159],"built":[161],"Go-like,":[164],"two-queue,":[165],"M/M/c/K":[166],"model":[168],"CONWIP":[171],"(Constant":[172],"Work-In-Process)":[173],"approach,":[174],"considering":[175,289],"biosecurity-based":[176,246,270],"due":[179],"pandemic.":[183],"R":[185],"package":[186],"'queueing'":[187],"was":[188,198],"used":[189],"set":[191],"up":[192],"model,":[194],"algorithm":[197],"created":[199],"go":[201],"over":[202],"each":[203],"sampling":[204],"period":[205],"find":[207],"hourly":[209],"optimum":[210,237,265],"dynamic":[216,298],"conditions":[217,253,301],"both":[219],"(low":[221],"demand).":[224],"Results":[225],"show":[230],"that,":[231],"some":[233,250],"operational":[234,252,300],"conditions,":[235],"maximum":[238,255,277],"capacities":[243],"below":[244],"capacity,":[247],"while":[248],"other":[251],"cannot":[257],"restrictions,":[262],"as":[263,303],"lies":[267],"beyond":[268],"capacity.":[271,308],"These":[272],"results":[273],"suggest":[274],"definition":[279],"should":[280,286],"not":[281],"static.":[283],"Instead,":[284],"it":[285],"done":[288],"retail's":[291,299],"dimensions,":[292],"policies,":[295],"such":[302]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210598349","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-01-19T10:14:34.019173","created_date":"2022-02-08"}