{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393234880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0","title":"XRelevanceCAM: towards explainable tissue characterization with improved localisation of pathological structures in probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy","display_name":"XRelevanceCAM: towards explainable tissue characterization with improved localisation of pathological structures in probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393234880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38538880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113153818","display_name":"Jianzhong You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhong You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College London, Huxley Building, 180 Queen's Gate, South Kensington, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College London, Huxley Building, 180 Queen's Gate, South Kensington, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035419564","display_name":"Serine Ajlouni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155976169","display_name":"Witten/Herdecke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yq55g44","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155976169"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serine Ajlouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Faculty, University Witten Herdecke, 58455, Witten, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Faculty, University Witten Herdecke, 58455, Witten, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155976169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021291539","display_name":"Irini Kakaletri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irini Kakaletri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Faculty, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040091873","display_name":"Patra Charalampaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155976169","display_name":"Witten/Herdecke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yq55g44","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155976169"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patra Charalampaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, University Witten Herdecke, 58455, Witten, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Witten Herdecke, 58455, Witten, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155976169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054387003","display_name":"Stamatia Giannarou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-1343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stamatia Giannarou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 413, 4th Floor, Bessemer Building, South Kensington Campus, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 413, 4th Floor, Bessemer Building, South Kensington Campus, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113153818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4390,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":84},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"1061","last_page":"1073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.9958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endomicroscopy","display_name":"Endomicroscopy","score":0.5680852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfusion-imaging","display_name":"Perfusion Imaging","score":0.526194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-analysis","display_name":"Texture Analysis","score":0.521366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"Diagnostic Accuracy","score":0.521322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature Extraction","score":0.50815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-imaging","display_name":"Cancer Imaging","score":0.503746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4374029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6903895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.63355815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17480853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376368","display_name":"Endomicroscopy","level":3,"score":0.5680852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.51977557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44705218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4436687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4374029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.23240966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09207609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018613","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Confocal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11178611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38538880","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-024-03096-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","funder_display_name":"Royal Society","award_id":null}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2807813638","https://openalex.org/W2903165775","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3172381285","https://openalex.org/W3176482836","https://openalex.org/W4324297052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3093776189","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W1997160662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Probe-based":[0],"confocal":[1],"laser":[2],"endomicroscopy":[3],"(pCLE)":[4],"enables":[5],"intraoperative":[6],"tissue":[7,28],"characterization":[8],"with":[9],"improved":[10],"resection":[11],"rates":[12],"of":[13,19,32,62],"brain":[14],"tumours.":[15],"Although":[16],"a":[17,35],"plethora":[18],"deep":[20],"learning":[21],"models":[22],"have":[23],"been":[24],"developed":[25],"for":[26,67],"automating":[27],"characterization,":[29],"their":[30],"lack":[31],"transparency":[33],"is":[34],"concern.":[36],"To":[37],"tackle":[38],"this":[39],"issue,":[40],"techniques":[41],"like":[42],"Class":[43],"Activation":[44],"Map":[45],"(CAM)":[46],"and":[47],"its":[48],"variations":[49],"highlight":[50],"image":[51],"regions":[52],"related":[53],"to":[54,73],"model":[55],"decisions.":[56],"However,":[57],"they":[58],"often":[59],"fall":[60],"short":[61],"providing":[63],"human-interpretable":[64],"visual":[65],"explanations":[66],"surgical":[68],"decision":[69],"support,":[70],"primarily":[71],"due":[72],"the":[74],"shattered":[75],"gradient":[76],"problem":[77],"or":[78],"insufficient":[79],"theoretical":[80],"underpinning.":[81]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393234880","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2024-12-05T00:50:10.902578","created_date":"2024-03-28"}