{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313421465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3","title":"How Low Can You Go? A Limbo Dance for Low-Latency Network Functions","display_name":"How Low Can You Go? A Limbo Dance for Low-Latency Network Functions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313421465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67072002","display_name":"Journal of Network and Systems Management","issn_l":"1064-7570","issn":["1064-7570","1573-7705"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027327845","display_name":"Sebastian Gallenm\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-3573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Gallenm\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029702732","display_name":"Florian Wiedner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-9864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Wiedner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027533362","display_name":"Johannes Naab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-7643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Naab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060144977","display_name":"Georg Carle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-1839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg Carle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching Near Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027327845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":3.127,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.762452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":89},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.4651711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.881272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6457836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.4651711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.44624892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4101655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67072002","display_name":"Journal of Network and Systems Management","issn_l":"1064-7570","issn":["1064-7570","1573-7705"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10922-022-09710-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67072002","display_name":"Journal of Network and Systems Management","issn_l":"1064-7570","issn":["1064-7570","1573-7705"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","award_id":"16KISK001K"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","award_id":"16KISK107"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","funder_display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","award_id":null},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320323888","funder_display_name":"Bayerisches Staatsministerium\u00a0f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Medien,\u00a0Energie und Technologie","award_id":null},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020","award_id":"101008468"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1627074804","https://openalex.org/W1979866793","https://openalex.org/W1994618472","https://openalex.org/W2017004353","https://openalex.org/W2099218848","https://openalex.org/W2100160194","https://openalex.org/W2109005078","https://openalex.org/W2153171872","https://openalex.org/W2327709439","https://openalex.org/W2333015371","https://openalex.org/W2588779930","https://openalex.org/W2597880136","https://openalex.org/W2619996235","https://openalex.org/W2737623241","https://openalex.org/W2766540242","https://openalex.org/W2903038868","https://openalex.org/W2915541671","https://openalex.org/W2923086750","https://openalex.org/W2990528700","https://openalex.org/W2999906379","https://openalex.org/W3003790271","https://openalex.org/W3094786991","https://openalex.org/W3216321736","https://openalex.org/W4200266273","https://openalex.org/W4233124662","https://openalex.org/W4254760511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254065731","https://openalex.org/W4252678288","https://openalex.org/W4237782192","https://openalex.org/W4210820789","https://openalex.org/W2917701982","https://openalex.org/W2913177154","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2726467123","https://openalex.org/W2064726690","https://openalex.org/W1607297154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Throughput":[1],"is":[2,18,100],"a":[3,83,143,185],"commonly":[4],"used":[5],"performance":[6],"indicator":[7],"for":[8,89,124],"networks.":[9],"However,":[10],"throughput":[11,39,73],"may":[12,28],"be":[13],"considered":[14],"insignificant":[15],"if":[16],"data":[17],"outdated":[19],"or":[20,24,70],"networks":[21],"become":[22],"unpredictable":[23],"unreliable.":[25],"Critical":[26],"services":[27],"even":[29],"prioritize":[30],"latency,":[31],"predictability,":[32,48],"and":[33,49,81,96,106,129,154,171],"reliability":[34,50,95],"at":[35],"the":[36,79,130,147,158,163,166,172],"expense":[37],"of":[38,149,195],"to":[40],"avoid":[41],"detrimental":[42],"effects":[43],"on":[44,134,137,146,152],"service":[45],"operation.":[46],"Latency,":[47],"are":[51],"distinct":[52],"qualities":[53],"realized":[54],"in":[55],"real-time":[56],"systems.":[57],"Real-time":[58],"systems":[59],"often":[60],"require":[61],"additional":[62],"effort":[63],"using":[64],"non-standard":[65],"interfaces,":[66],"requiring":[67],"customized":[68],"software,":[69],"providing":[71],"low":[72,98],"figures.":[74],"This":[75],"work":[76],"picks":[77],"up":[78],"challenge":[80],"investigates":[82],"single-server":[84],"network":[85,92,167,189],"function\u2014a":[86],"building":[87],"block":[88],"end-to-end":[90],"low-latency":[91],"applications.":[93],"Assessing":[94],"quantifying":[97],"latency":[99,105,153],"equally":[101],"challenging,":[102],"as":[103,157,191],"sub-microsecond":[104],"$$1/10^{5}$$":[107],"":[109],"":[110],"1":[111],"/":[112],"":[113],"10":[114],"5":[115],"":[116],"":[117],"":[118],"loss":[119],"probability":[120],"leave":[121],"little":[122],"room":[123],"error.":[125],"Both,":[126],"our":[127,192],"measurement":[128],"investigated":[131],"platforms,":[132],"rely":[133],"Linux":[135,164],"running":[136],"off-the-shelf":[138],"components.":[139],"Our":[140],"paper":[141],"provides":[142],"comprehensive":[144],"study":[145],"impact":[148],"various":[150],"components":[151],"reliability,":[155],"such":[156],"central":[159],"processing":[160],"unit":[161],"(CPU),":[162],"Kernel,":[165],"card,":[168],"virtualization":[169],"features,":[170],"networking":[173],"application":[174,190],"itself.":[175],"We":[176],"chose":[177],"Suricata,":[178],"an":[179],"intrusion":[180],"prevention":[181],"system":[182],"(IPS),":[183],"representing":[184],"widely":[186],"deployed,":[187],"typical":[188],"primary":[193],"subject":[194],"investigation.":[196]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4313421465","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-01-21T09:07:44.645335","created_date":"2023-01-06"}