{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111014400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1","title":"AI2D-RST: a multimodal corpus of 1000 primary school science diagrams","display_name":"AI2D-RST: a multimodal corpus of 1000 primary school science diagrams","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111014400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1","mag":"3111014400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086267657","display_name":"Tuomo Hiippala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-9422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomo Hiippala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025559955","display_name":"Malihe Alikhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1315-2228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malihe Alikhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075249431","display_name":"Jonas Haverinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Haverinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022594982","display_name":"Timo Kalliokoski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Kalliokoski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079892314","display_name":"Evanfiya Logacheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0962-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evanfiya Logacheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066018115","display_name":"Serafina Orekhova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serafina Orekhova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035086249","display_name":"Aino Tuomainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aino Tuomainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Languages, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 24, 00014, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086088412","display_name":"Matthew Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-2941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041142359","display_name":"John Bateman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Bateman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty 10: Linguistics and Literary Studies, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty 10: Linguistics and Literary Studies, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.89,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.890118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"661","last_page":"688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagrammatic-reasoning","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","score":0.7965362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.49304864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106624574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270387","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","level":2,"score":0.7965362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.705212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5406295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.51599526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.49304864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.48835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.47471204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41638595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.4115069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35899144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21900749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03879","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1912.03879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10579-020-09517-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.66,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":["https://openalex.org/W3111014400"],"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112197792","https://openalex.org/W1493603593","https://openalex.org/W1585771178","https://openalex.org/W1602715074","https://openalex.org/W1693920599","https://openalex.org/W1823329909","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1990903069","https://openalex.org/W2008014607","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2045738181","https://openalex.org/W2060374126","https://openalex.org/W2079108596","https://openalex.org/W2091950237","https://openalex.org/W2098484351","https://openalex.org/W2100784475","https://openalex.org/W2105825574","https://openalex.org/W2112006058","https://openalex.org/W2123381015","https://openalex.org/W2132022337","https://openalex.org/W2136483597","https://openalex.org/W2137640092","https://openalex.org/W2139173945","https://openalex.org/W2141766660","https://openalex.org/W2144977042","https://openalex.org/W2153222072","https://openalex.org/W2156021548","https://openalex.org/W2167702024","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2228424703","https://openalex.org/W2246690291","https://openalex.org/W2250564385","https://openalex.org/W2251818274","https://openalex.org/W2307512708","https://openalex.org/W2317843313","https://openalex.org/W2334735300","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2554692997","https://openalex.org/W2583305969","https://openalex.org/W2746368167","https://openalex.org/W2803613163","https://openalex.org/W2805403945","https://openalex.org/W2836968436","https://openalex.org/W2888029456","https://openalex.org/W2889326414","https://openalex.org/W2891100254","https://openalex.org/W2891688696","https://openalex.org/W2894574419","https://openalex.org/W2897428076","https://openalex.org/W2921970163","https://openalex.org/W2949431215","https://openalex.org/W2962959437","https://openalex.org/W2964080942","https://openalex.org/W2964842699","https://openalex.org/W2979899153","https://openalex.org/W3003518673","https://openalex.org/W3004312487","https://openalex.org/W3026916242","https://openalex.org/W3088075436","https://openalex.org/W3159303746","https://openalex.org/W4205743601","https://openalex.org/W4210257598","https://openalex.org/W4233876980","https://openalex.org/W4236462329","https://openalex.org/W4238741089","https://openalex.org/W4247784431","https://openalex.org/W4249637459","https://openalex.org/W4251872750","https://openalex.org/W4254490032","https://openalex.org/W4381925011","https://openalex.org/W4399547459","https://openalex.org/W4399584083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W46367284","https://openalex.org/W4288417689","https://openalex.org/W3203889139","https://openalex.org/W3083799684","https://openalex.org/W3003518673","https://openalex.org/W2933723564","https://openalex.org/W2243494072","https://openalex.org/W2092732381","https://openalex.org/W1974511108","https://openalex.org/W1588273335"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"article":[2],"introduces":[3],"AI2D-RST,":[4],"a":[5,45,80,87,147],"multimodal":[6,92],"corpus":[7,32,78,150],"of":[8,47,71,90,104],"1000":[9],"English-language":[10],"diagrams":[11,48],"that":[12,85],"represent":[13],"topics":[14],"in":[15,74,142],"primary":[16],"school":[17],"natural":[18],"sciences,":[19],"such":[20,118],"as":[21,119],"food":[22],"webs,":[23],"life":[24],"cycles,":[25],"moon":[26],"phases":[27],"and":[28,63,121,123,156],"human":[29],"physiology.":[30],"The":[31,149],"is":[33,144,151],"based":[34],"on":[35,59,68],"the":[36,69,76,98,102,111,125],"Allen":[37],"Institute":[38],"for":[39,154],"Artificial":[40],"Intelligence":[41],"Diagrams":[42],"(AI2D)":[43],"dataset,":[44],"collection":[46],"with":[49],"crowdsourced":[50],"descriptions,":[51],"which":[52,131],"was":[53],"originally":[54],"developed":[55],"to":[56],"support":[57],"research":[58,155],"automatic":[60],"diagram":[61,72,105,129],"understanding":[62],"visual":[64],"question":[65],"answering.":[66],"Building":[67],"segmentation":[70],"layouts":[73],"AI2D,":[75],"AI2D-RST":[77,143],"presents":[79],"new":[81],"multi-layer":[82],"annotation":[83,140],"schema":[84],"provides":[86],"rich":[88],"description":[89],"their":[91],"structure.":[93],"Annotated":[94],"by":[95,115],"trained":[96],"experts,":[97],"layers":[99],"describe":[100],"(1)":[101],"grouping":[103],"elements":[106,117],"into":[107],"perceptual":[108],"units,":[109],"(2)":[110],"connections":[112],"set":[113],"up":[114],"diagrammatic":[116],"arrows":[120],"lines,":[122],"(3)":[124],"discourse":[126],"relations":[127],"between":[128],"elements,":[130],"are":[132],"described":[133],"using":[134,146],"Rhetorical":[135],"Structure":[136],"Theory":[137],"(RST).":[138],"Each":[139],"layer":[141],"represented":[145],"graph.":[148],"freely":[152],"available":[153],"teaching.":[157]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3111014400","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-04-21T03:27:31.584544","created_date":"2020-12-21"}