{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970571079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-002-0085-5","title":"The recognition of handwritten numeral strings using a two-stage HMM-based method","display_name":"The recognition of handwritten numeral strings using a two-stage HMM-based method","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970571079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-002-0085-5","mag":"1970571079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-002-0085-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017591391","display_name":"Alceu de Souza Britto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-3563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alceu de S. Britto Jr","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-PR, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 1155, Curitiba (PR) 80215-901, Brazil , BR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-PR, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 1155, Curitiba (PR) 80215-901, Brazil , BR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026340083","display_name":"Robert Sabourin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-1011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Sabourin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETS, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec H3C 1K3, Canada , CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETS, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec H3C 1K3, Canada , CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820","https://openalex.org/I159129438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013206485","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Bortolozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio Bortolozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["PUC-PR, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 1155, Curitiba (PR) 80215-901, Brazil , BR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PUC-PR, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, R. Imaculada Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 1155, Curitiba (PR) 80215-901, Brazil , BR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059479627","display_name":"Ching Y. Suen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-7631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching Y. Suen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CENPARMI, Concordia University, Suite GM-606, 1455 de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada , CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CENPARMI, Concordia University, Suite GM-606, 1455 de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada , CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.298,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.937016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2-3","first_page":"102","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.8257401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digit-recognition","display_name":"Digit recognition","score":0.6557133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-word-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","score":0.47196802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-segmentation","display_name":"Speech segmentation","score":0.4383893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8266238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.8257401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.72021914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.682133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984784707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Digit recognition","level":3,"score":0.6557133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.63026696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6217179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5927955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17649283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044162","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","level":5,"score":0.47196802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.46670413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207030507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2266173","display_name":"Speech segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4383893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42449912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.2404125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18660176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.17628032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.12275961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-002-0085-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.63}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520868675","https://openalex.org/W1529146804","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1592893871","https://openalex.org/W1940776450","https://openalex.org/W1960827080","https://openalex.org/W2002182716","https://openalex.org/W2014711601","https://openalex.org/W2023250004","https://openalex.org/W2046485094","https://openalex.org/W2055853283","https://openalex.org/W2056502757","https://openalex.org/W2058589204","https://openalex.org/W2063481345","https://openalex.org/W2064194361","https://openalex.org/W2082183672","https://openalex.org/W2086826280","https://openalex.org/W2100877901","https://openalex.org/W2100921332","https://openalex.org/W2105617997","https://openalex.org/W2115641419","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2126630636","https://openalex.org/W2129169401","https://openalex.org/W2132796379","https://openalex.org/W2134383396","https://openalex.org/W2152701198","https://openalex.org/W2153101525","https://openalex.org/W2170453670","https://openalex.org/W2548004707","https://openalex.org/W3003427177","https://openalex.org/W3148186152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387698165","https://openalex.org/W3081833411","https://openalex.org/W2911525106","https://openalex.org/W2170832773","https://openalex.org/W2140531366","https://openalex.org/W2107304307","https://openalex.org/W2102878903","https://openalex.org/W2095632546","https://openalex.org/W1971924455","https://openalex.org/W1891915803"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970571079","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2024-12-14T15:42:30.401146","created_date":"2016-06-24"}