乐胖代购免代理版

{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2758107681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20262","title":"A perception\u2010driven autonomous urban vehicle","display_name":"A perception\u2010driven autonomous urban vehicle","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2758107681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20262","mag":"2758107681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20262","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rob.20262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151299380","display_name":"Journal of Field Robotics","issn_l":"1556-4959","issn":["1556-4959","1556-4967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rob.20262","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110293164","display_name":"John J. Leonard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Leonard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011665886","display_name":"Jonathan P. How","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-1930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan How","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109862901","display_name":"Seth Teller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Teller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071362934","display_name":"Mitch Berger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitch Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004866524","display_name":"Stefan Campbell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060207407","display_name":"Gaston Fiore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaston Fiore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043450027","display_name":"Luke Fletcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-3480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029069358","display_name":"Emilio Frazzoli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Frazzoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001107160","display_name":"Albert S. Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081073767","display_name":"Serta\u00e7 Karaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sertac Karaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010005742","display_name":"Olivier Koch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111790621","display_name":"Yoshiaki Kuwata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiaki Kuwata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085325248","display_name":"D. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-4761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103139078","display_name":"Edwin Olson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104018378","display_name":"Steve Peters","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108531984","display_name":"Justin Teo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055845355","display_name":"Robert Truax","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Truax","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103153703","display_name":"Matthew R. Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-6050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074437420","display_name":"David Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137428128","display_name":"Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000zamq06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052910714","display_name":"Alexander Epstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-745X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137428128","display_name":"Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000zamq06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076671479","display_name":"Keoni Maheloni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137428128","display_name":"Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000zamq06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keoni Maheloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089247638","display_name":"Katy Moyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137428128","display_name":"Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000zamq06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katy Moyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Franklin W. Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts 02492","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137428128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100803817","display_name":"Troy Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343143571","display_name":"Draper Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04378d909","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Troy Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110860876","display_name":"Ryan Buckley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343143571","display_name":"Draper Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04378d909","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Buckley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007370809","display_name":"Matthew Antone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117222","display_name":"BAE Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fctgp09","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117222","https://openalex.org/I4210143731"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Antone","raw_affiliation_strings":["BAE Systems Advanced Information Technologies, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BAE Systems Advanced Information Technologies, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117222"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029347696","display_name":"Robert Galejs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Galejs","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047473446","display_name":"Siddhartha Krishnamurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-0242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddhartha Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086861709","display_name":"Jonathan P. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-695X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.763,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":392,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999791,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"10","first_page":"727","last_page":"774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planner","display_name":"Planner","score":0.55837756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.42339447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.61694664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.55837756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.52051204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.51384383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5118998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.5001621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4963935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48629627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48019803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4558363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.42339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3987258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3636458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.34516412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3439206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3294775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.24545681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2437036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20262","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rob.20262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151299380","display_name":"Journal of Field Robotics","issn_l":"1556-4959","issn":["1556-4959","1556-4967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.156.3845","pdf_url":"http://people.csail.mit.edu/teller/pubs/LeonardEtAlJFR2008.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400349","display_name":"CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","host_organization_name":"Pennsylvania State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pennsylvania State University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.20262","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rob.20262","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151299380","display_name":"Journal of Field Robotics","issn_l":"1556-4959","issn":["1556-4959","1556-4967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.66,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583297571","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W2000359213","https://openalex.org/W2070735679","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2114396319","https://openalex.org/W2117397690","https://openalex.org/W2126452053","https://openalex.org/W2136929315","https://openalex.org/W2144297066","https://openalex.org/W2154844948","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W3021282624","https://openalex.org/W3083265500","https://openalex.org/W4239849329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391249562","https://openalex.org/W4380590094","https://openalex.org/W4253519380","https://openalex.org/W3043170174","https://openalex.org/W2930076404","https://openalex.org/W2782776446","https://openalex.org/W2596413128","https://openalex.org/W2356867392","https://openalex.org/W2155948905","https://openalex.org/W2071957557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"describes":[3],"the":[4,36,79,122,141,160],"architecture":[5,31],"and":[6,44,65,70,106,151,174,192],"implementation":[7,57],"of":[8,42,78,99,121,127,162,167],"an":[9],"autonomous":[10,186],"passenger":[11],"vehicle":[12,30,56,95],"designed":[13,33],"to":[14,22,34,68,92],"navigate":[15],"using":[16],"locally":[17],"perceived":[18],"information":[19],"in":[20,101,130,148,185,188],"preference":[21],"potentially":[23],"inaccurate":[24],"or":[25],"incomplete":[26],"map":[27],"data.":[28,75],"The":[29,55,76,97,154],"was":[32,157],"handle":[35],"original":[37],"DARPA":[38],"Urban":[39],"Challenge":[40],"requirements":[41,98],"perceiving":[43],"navigating":[45],"a":[46,87,115,131,149,163,179,198],"road":[47],"network":[48],"with":[49,62,114,196],"segments":[50],"defined":[51],"by":[52],"sparse":[53],"waypoints.":[54],"includes":[58],"many":[59],"heterogeneous":[60],"sensors":[61],"significant":[63],"communications":[64],"computation":[66],"bandwidth":[67],"capture":[69],"process":[71],"high\u2010resolution,":[72],"high\u2010rate":[73],"sensor":[74],"output":[77],"comprehensive":[80],"environmental":[81],"sensing":[82],"subsystem":[83],"is":[84,124],"fed":[85],"into":[86],"kinodynamic":[88],"motion":[89],"planning":[90],"algorithm":[91],"generate":[93],"all":[94,112],"motion.":[96],"driving":[100,187],"lanes,":[102],"three\u2010point":[103],"turns,":[104],"parking,":[105],"maneuvering":[107],"through":[108,159],"obstacle":[109],"fields":[110],"are":[111],"generated":[113],"unified":[116],"planner.":[117],"A":[118],"key":[119],"aspect":[120],"planner":[123],"its":[125],"use":[126],"closed\u2010loop":[128],"simulation":[129],"rapidly":[132],"exploring":[133],"randomized":[134],"trees":[135],"algorithm,":[136],"which":[137],"can":[138],"randomly":[139],"explore":[140],"space":[142],"while":[143],"efficiently":[144],"generating":[145],"smooth":[146],"trajectories":[147],"dynamic":[150,194],"uncertain":[152],"environment.":[153],"overall":[155],"system":[156],"realized":[158],"creation":[161],"powerful":[164],"new":[165],"suite":[166],"software":[168],"tools":[169],"for":[170,182],"message":[171],"passing,":[172],"logging,":[173],"visualization.":[175],"These":[176],"innovations":[177],"provide":[178],"strong":[180],"platform":[181],"future":[183],"research":[184],"global":[189],"positioning":[190],"system\u2013denied":[191],"highly":[193],"environments":[195],"poor":[197],"priori":[199],"information.":[200],"\u00a9":[201],"2008":[202],"Wiley":[203],"Periodicals,":[204],"Inc.":[205]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2758107681","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2025-01-03T23:22:32.690524","created_date":"2017-10-06"}