{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990943781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550050202","title":"A computational paradigm that integrates rule-based and model-based reasoning in expert systems","display_name":"A computational paradigm that integrates rule-based and model-based reasoning in expert systems","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990943781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550050202","mag":"1990943781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550050202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550050202","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012047456","display_name":"Newton S. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Newton S. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, 307 Middletown-Lincroft Road, Lincroft, NJ 07738"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, 307 Middletown-Lincroft Road, Lincroft, NJ 07738","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012047456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.818,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.537492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":66,"max":69},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"135","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unification","display_name":"Unification","score":0.71812207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-system","display_name":"Rule-based system","score":0.6649394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness","score":0.53189236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.5274962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.45572442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-matter-expert","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","score":0.42366597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunistic-reasoning","display_name":"Opportunistic reasoning","score":0.4210933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-expert-system","display_name":"Legal expert system","score":0.41204906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96146094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057","display_name":"Unification","level":2,"score":0.71812207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.6742074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149271511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417149","display_name":"Rule-based system","level":2,"score":0.6649394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81721847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163468","display_name":"Prolog","level":2,"score":0.6081412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5672464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.56698275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.54768664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.53189236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.5274962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.5041007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.45773482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.45572442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.42366597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86827895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098582","display_name":"Opportunistic reasoning","level":4,"score":0.4210933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102600418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6517507","display_name":"Legal expert system","level":3,"score":0.41204906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3946219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.24698663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18568417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550050202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550050202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10154040","https://openalex.org/W16179259","https://openalex.org/W1978006863","https://openalex.org/W1983382292","https://openalex.org/W1996038999","https://openalex.org/W2014393101","https://openalex.org/W2045607894","https://openalex.org/W2140627345","https://openalex.org/W2330685514","https://openalex.org/W2757917007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389474123","https://openalex.org/W2366967677","https://openalex.org/W2361142061","https://openalex.org/W2351118185","https://openalex.org/W2350058801","https://openalex.org/W2347305376","https://openalex.org/W2148216026","https://openalex.org/W2026958644","https://openalex.org/W2022089982","https://openalex.org/W1488241869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,85],"article":[1,141,147],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4,86],"computational":[5,80],"paradigm":[6,55],"that":[7,25],"integrates":[8],"rule-based":[9,27,48,90,110],"and":[10,22,32,49,94,159],"model-based":[11,36,51,98],"reasoning":[12,91,99,111],"in":[13,18,133,152],"expert":[14,19,134],"systems.":[15,135],"Our":[16],"experience":[17],"systems":[20],"research":[21],"development":[23],"indicates":[24],"the":[26,35,47,50,58,70,78,102,113,118,140,146,153],"technique":[28],"is":[29,38,82,124],"simple,":[30],"elegant,":[31],"efficient;":[33],"whereas":[34],"approach":[37],"complex":[39],"but":[40,43,106],"powerful,":[41],"CPU-consuming":[42],"robust.":[44],"Combining":[45],"both":[46,61],"methods":[52],"into":[53],"one":[54],"means":[56],"having":[57],"best":[59],"of":[60,155],"worlds.":[62],"to":[63,74,109,125,142],"achieve":[64,126],"this":[65,121],"goal,":[66],"we":[67],"have":[68],"extended":[69],"Prolog":[71],"unification":[72],"algorithm":[73],"accommodate":[75],"semantic":[76],"unification.":[77],"resulting":[79],"procedure":[81,88],"named":[83],"R.M.":[84],"inference":[87],"uses":[89],"by":[92],"default,":[93],"it":[95,107],"automatically":[96],"invokes":[97],"when":[100],"all":[101],"rules":[103,114],"become":[104,115],"inapplicable,":[105],"returns":[108],"whenever":[112],"usable":[116],"again.":[117],"idea":[119],"behind":[120],"problem-solving":[122],"strategy":[123],"maximum":[127],"efficiency":[128],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"robustness":[132],"Examples":[136],"are":[137],"used":[138],"throughout":[139],"illustrate":[143],"our":[144,161],"notions.":[145],"also":[148],"sketches":[149],"an":[150],"application":[151],"domain":[154],"telecommunication":[156],"networks":[157],"maintenance":[158],"describes":[160],"experimental":[162],"results.":[163]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1990943781","counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-09T14:01:35.560608","created_date":"2016-06-24"}