{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139927350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199903/04)4:4<72::aid-cplx9>3.0.co;2-g","title":"Complexity: Plain and simple","display_name":"Complexity: Plain and simple","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139927350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199903/04)4:4<72::aid-cplx9>3.0.co;2-g","mag":"2139927350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199903/04)4:4<72::aid-cplx9>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-0526%28199903/04%294%3A4%3C72%3A%3AAID-CPLX9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-0526%28199903/04%294%3A4%3C72%3A%3AAID-CPLX9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038060570","display_name":"Seth Lloyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-4529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seth Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT 3-160, Cambridge, Mass. 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT 3-160, Cambridge, Mass. 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038060570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.501368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":63,"max":67},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"72","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.6098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.6098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7040397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.64627904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.62181544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3767548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.104445964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199903/04)4:4<72::aid-cplx9>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-0526%28199903/04%294%3A4%3C72%3A%3AAID-CPLX9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0526(199903/04)4:4<72::aid-cplx9>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-0526%28199903/04%294%3A4%3C72%3A%3AAID-CPLX9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W1585007175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complexity:":[0],"Plain":[1],"and":[2,34,41,54,131,244,267,274,306,315,365,456],"Simple":[3],"I":[4,11,60,65,165,184,204,233,331,384],"n":[5],"all":[6,201],"the":[7,25,47,74,121,154,174,182,251,284,342,362,387,399,407],"fields":[8],"in":[9,49,78,111,151,262,290,313,324,361],"which":[10,50,341],"have":[12,185,205,385],"worked-from":[13],"math":[14],"to":[15,17,19,72,92,143,160,188,197,228,295,326,333,337,429],"philosophy":[16],"physics":[18,127,245],"engineering-my":[20],"research":[21],"has":[22],"focused":[23],"on":[24,126,135,257,391,406,449],"role":[26,75],"of":[27,76,97,113,123,128,132,138,149,153,156,169,171,176,212,218,226,253,283,299,354,371,379,389,401,410,415,438],"information.How":[28],"do":[29,46,459],"physical":[30,95,147],"systems":[31,102,393,453],"register":[32],"information":[33,39,56,77,129,242],"move":[35],"it":[36],"about?How":[37],"is":[38,281,303,309],"transformed":[40],"processed?And,":[42],"most":[43,191,367],"importantly,":[44],"how":[45,270,275,451],"ways":[48],"a":[51,62,94,108,114,145,162,167,214,220,297,321,355,377,397,402,416,420,436],"system":[52],"transfers":[53],"transforms":[55],"determine":[57],"its":[58],"behavior?When":[59],"was":[61,66],"graduate":[63],"student,":[64],"sitting":[67],"at":[68,230,250,382],"my":[69,82,237,254,287,373],"desk":[70],"attempting":[71],"analyze":[73],"quantum":[79,258,265,300,307,318,329,359],"gravity":[80],"when":[81,413,424],"supervisor,":[83],"Heinz":[84],"Pagels,":[85],"walked":[86],"in.\"Seth,\"":[87],"he":[88,117],"said,":[89],"\"we":[90],"need":[91],"define":[93,144],"measure":[96,148,208],"complexity.\"I":[98],"responded":[99],"that":[100,106,190,203,241,347,443],"complex":[101,264,345,392,452],"were":[103,141],"exactly":[104],"those":[105],"resisted":[107],"simple":[109,358],"analysis":[110],"terms":[112,152],"single":[115],"number.But":[116],"insisted.Eventually,":[118],"after":[119],"studying":[120],"work":[122,256,273,390],"Rolf":[124],"Landauer":[125],"processing":[130,243],"Charlie":[133],"Bennett":[134],"computational":[136],"measures":[137,170,193,202,225],"complexity,":[139],"we":[140,348],"able":[142,187],"reasonable":[146],"complexity":[150,227],"amount":[155],"thermodynamic":[157],"resources":[158],"required":[159],"perform":[161],"given":[163],"task.Subsequently,":[164],"became":[166],"collector":[168],"complexity:":[172],"Despite":[173],"proliferation":[175],"apparently":[177],"disparate":[178],"methods":[179,339],"for":[180,286,394],"quantifying":[181],"complex,":[183],"been":[186],"show":[189],"such":[192,279],"are":[194,246,261],"closely":[195],"related":[196,248],"each":[198],"other.In":[199],"fact,":[200],"come":[206],"across":[207],"either":[209],"information-the":[210],"difficulty":[211,217],"describing":[213],"thing-or":[215],"effort-the":[216],"accomplishing":[219],"task-or":[221],"both.(Please":[222],"send":[223,235],"your":[224],"me":[229],"slloyd@mit.edu.In":[231],"return,":[232],"will":[234],"you":[236],"current":[238,255,374],"list.)The":[239],"realization":[240],"intimately":[247],"lies":[249],"heart":[252],"computation.Quantum":[259],"computers":[260,319],"essence":[263],"systems,":[266],"figuring":[268],"out":[269,353],"they":[271,434,458],"might":[272,277],"one":[276],"build":[278],"devices":[280,336,426],"part":[282,370],"groundwork":[285],"overall":[288],"efforts":[289],"collaboration":[291],"with":[292,328,460],"Murray":[293],"Gell-Mann":[294],"develop":[296],"theory":[298],"complexity.The":[301],"world":[302,346,360],"fundamentally":[304,310],"quantum-mechanical,":[305],"mechanics":[308],"weird.Our":[311],"successes":[312],"constructing":[314],"operating":[316],"prototype":[317],"represents":[320],"significant":[322],"step":[323],"coming":[325],"grips":[327],"weirdness.Eventually,":[330],"hope":[332],"use":[334],"these":[335],"test":[338],"by":[340],"highly":[343,356],"detailed,":[344],"see":[349],"around":[350],"us":[351],"arose":[352],"symmetric,":[357],"early":[363],"universe.Finally,":[364],"perhaps":[366],"significantly,":[368],"as":[369,376,396,432],"learning":[372],"job":[375],"professor":[378],"mechanical":[380],"engineering":[381],"MIT,":[383],"discovered":[386],"importance":[388],"society":[395],"whole.When":[398],"operation":[400],"new":[403],"car":[404],"relies":[405],"proper":[408],"functioning":[409],"20":[411],"microprocessors,":[412],"fear":[414],"computer":[417],"glitch":[418],"inspires":[419],"global":[421],"apocalyptic":[422],"movement,":[423],"electronic":[425],"from":[427],"VCRs":[428],"toasters":[430],"act":[431],"if":[433],"had":[435],"mind":[437],"their":[439],"own,":[440],"it's":[441],"clear":[442],"our":[444],"future":[445],"welfare":[446],"depends":[447],"crucially":[448],"understanding":[450],"get":[454],"information,":[455],"what":[457],"it.":[461]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2139927350","counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-06T04:10:50.722676","created_date":"2016-06-24"}