Didactical advantages of audience response systems (ARS) have been discussed extensively ever since they have been used in classes. However, conventional ARS bear some drawbacks, such as requiring specific hardware, generating costs (text messaging based and web service fees) and creating a dependency on external hosts. In this paper we present a browser-based ARS, which provides a platform-independent channel for the interaction between students and teachers. The authors provide a solution of an ARS for potentially large and spatially distributed classes, where the audience can provide feedback via PCs and mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets. The proposed system has been integrated into the e-learning system of the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), one of the largest business universities worldwide. The server side implementation of an ARS brings some challenges, such as the integration into an e-learning environment, the technical feasibility due to a broad variety of possible end user devices, and user acceptance issues. This paper documents the experiences and findings of the stepwise development and deployment in large classrooms. This resulted in an enhancement of the information policy with students and an optimization of the WLAN network settings. Finally, a new, unanticipated usage scenario emerged for mobile, browser-based response systems.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/jmbl.2013010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T20:23:05Z","timestamp":1367612585000},"page":"58-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a Browser-Based Mobile Audience Response System for Large Classrooms"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Andergassen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Systems and New Media, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Systems and New Media, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Lederm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evaluation & Quality Enhancement, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Gustaf","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Systems and New Media, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altbach, P. G., Reisberg, L., & Rumbley, L. E. (2009). Trends in global higher education: Tracking an academic revolution. In Proceedings of the World Conference on Higher Education 2009. Paris, France: UNESCO.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004406155"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-1","unstructured":"Andergassen, M., Guerra, V., Lederm\u00fcller, K., & Neumann, G. (2012). Browser-based mobile clickers: Implementation and challenges. In Sanchez, I. A. & Isaias, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning 2012 (pp. 189-196). IADIS Press."},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-2","year":"2010","journal-title":"High-density wireless networks for auditoriums validated reference design"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caldwell, J. E. (2007). Audience responses in the large classroom: Current research and best-practice tips. Life Sciences Education, 6(1), 9-20. Retrieved June 14, 2012, from http:\/\/www.lifescied.org\/cgi\/reprint\/6\/1\/9.pdf","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.06-12-0205"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-4","unstructured":"ComScore. (2012). 2012 mobile future in focus. Key insights from 2011 and what they mean for the coming year. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.mchn.com\/sites\/default\/files\/comScore%202012%20Mobile%20Future%20in%20Focus.pdf"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-5","author":"J. W.Creswell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/10748120410555340"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1041-6080(96)90013-8"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-117-9.ch010"},{"issue":"1","key":"jmbl.2013010104-9","first-page":"13","article-title":"Electronically enhanced classroom interaction.","volume":"18","author":"S.Draper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"jmbl.2013010104-10","first-page":"21","article-title":"Programmed learning news, feedback devices in university lectures.","volume":"3","author":"W.Dunn","year":"1969","journal-title":"New University"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-11","first-page":"113","article-title":"Has the net-generation arrived at the university? -oder der Student von Heute, ein Digital Native?","volume":"Vol. 48","author":"M.Ebner","year":"2008","journal-title":"s), Offener bildungsraum hochschule. medien in der wissenschaft"},{"issue":"2","key":"jmbl.2013010104-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/15391523.2008.10782527","article-title":"The interaction of pedagogical approach, gender, self-regulation, and goal orientation using student response system technology.","volume":"41","author":"K.Edens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Technology in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"jmbl.2013010104-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S1477-3880(15)30213-9","article-title":"Using a personal response system in economics teaching.","volume":"1","author":"C.Elliot","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Review of Economics Education"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-14","author":"E.Gamma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Design patterns: Elements of reusable object-oriented software"},{"issue":"1","key":"jmbl.2013010104-15","first-page":"29","article-title":"An audio-visual technique for medical teaching.","volume":"18","author":"R. M.Harden","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Medical and Biological Illustration"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-16","unstructured":"Hernandez, R., & Grumet, A. (2005). OpenACS: Robust web development framework. In Proceedings of the Tcl\/Tk 2005 Conference, Portland, Oregon. Retrieved June 14, 2012, from http:\/\/openacs.org\/storage\/view\/openacs%5C\/OpenACS-full-paper.1.5.pdf"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-974-8","author":"B. J.Jansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handbook of research on web log analysis"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985376","volume":"Vol. 15","author":"D. L.Jorgensen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Participant observation: A methodology for human studies"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-19","unstructured":"Joyce, S. (2011). iVoted - Web based audience response system. StartUpLift. Retrieved October 21, 2012, from http:\/\/startuplift.com\/ivoted\/"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kay, R. H., & LeSage, A. (2009). A strategic assessment of audience response systems used in higher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 25 (2), 235-249. Retrieved June 14, 2012, from http:\/\/www.ascilite.org.au\/ajet\/ajet25\/kay.html","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.1152"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorenz, A. (2011). Universities on Air FNMA working group \u2018streaming technology and learning innovation\u2019. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL) (pp. 656-665). IEEE Conference Publications.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICL.2011.6059667"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.11.014"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-23","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Mobile","year":"2011","journal-title":"Communication Reports"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-24","unstructured":"Morgan Stanley Research. (2010). Internet trends. In Proceedings of the CM Summit, New York City, NY."},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-25","unstructured":"Neumann, G. (2007). XoWiki \u2013 towards a generic tool for web 2.0 applications and social software. In Proceedings of the OpenACS and. LRN Spring Conference, International Conference and Workshops on Community Based Environments, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-26","unstructured":"Neumann, G. (2008). XoWiki content flow \u2013 From a wiki to A simple workflow system? In Proceedings of 7th OpenACS \/ DotLRN Conference, Valencia, Spain."},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-27","year":"2011","journal-title":"Education at a Glance 2011: OECD Indicators"},{"issue":"1","key":"jmbl.2013010104-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3701_2","article-title":"Investigating teacher\u2013student interactions that foster self-regulated learning.","volume":"37","author":"N. E.Perry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.95.4.667"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1498765.1498803"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15228835.2011.616475"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13583883.1998.9966942"},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-33","unstructured":"University of Florida & Shands. (2012). Canvass. University of Florida. Retrieves Octover 21, 2012, from: http:\/\/docs.medinfo.ufl.edu\/docs\/web-based-audience-response-system\/."},{"key":"jmbl.2013010104-34","unstructured":"Ward, C. R., Reeves, J. H., & Heath, B. P. (2003, March 28 - May 9). Encouraging active student participation in chemistry classes with a web-based, instant feedback, student response system. In Proceedings of the CONFCHEM. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from http:\/\/aa.uncw.edu\/chemed\/papers\/srs\/confchem\/confchem_srs.htm"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=76885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T15:28:58Z","timestamp":1654097338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/jmbl.2013010104"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/jmbl.2013010104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-8647","1941-8655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-8647","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-8655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]}}}