With the wide use of H.264 in Internet and wireless network, many concerns have been made to the security of it. Aiming at providing an effective content protection method for H.264 video, a novel selective encryption scheme based on chaotic Qi system is proposed in this paper. The unpredictability of chaotic system is implemented to construct a pseudo-random number generator based on the 3-dimensional chaotic Qi system, and then some key data such as intra-prediction modes, residual coefficients and MVD are encrypted by the generated key stream. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed scheme can achieve a good encryption result, a low computational complexity, little impact on compression ratio, and good format compatibility. 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