Knowledge graphs are a valuable tool for intelligent tutoring systems and are typically constructed with a focus on objectivity and accuracy. However, they may not effectively capture the subjectivity and complex relationships often present in the humanities. To address this issue, a dynamic visualization of subject matter knowledge graph was developed using a collective intelligence approach that integrates the individual intelligence of learners and considers cognitive diversity to construct and evolve the knowledge graph. The approach resulted in the construction of 722 knowledge associations and the evolution of 584 triples. A survey assessed the effectiveness and user-friendliness, revealing that this approach is effective, easy to use, and can improve subject matter knowledge ontology. In conclusion, combining individual and collective intelligence is a promising approach for building effective knowledge graphs in subject areas with subjectivity and complexity.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijswis.327355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T14:54:24Z","timestamp":1690815264000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Constructing a Knowledge Graph for the Chinese Subject Based on Collective Intelligence"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-8320","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guozhu","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University, China"}]},{"given":"Peiying","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6782-7707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinru","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University, China"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Aswadi, F., Chan, H., & Gan, K. (2022, November 21\u201323). From ontology to knowledge graph trend: Ontology as foundation layer for knowledge graph [Conference session]. Proceedings of the Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web: 4th Iberoamerican Conference and Third Indo-American Conference, Madrid, Spain. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-031-21422-6_25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-21422-6_25"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-1","unstructured":"Benjamin, P. C. (1994, November). The IDEF5 ontology description capture method overview. Texas: Knowledge Based Systems Incorporation. https:\/\/www.idef.com\/idef5-ontology-description-capture-method\/"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-2","unstructured":"Bernaras, A., Laresgoiti, I., & Corera, J. (1996, August 11\u201316). Building and reusing ontologies for electrical network applications [Conference session]. Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI'96), Budapest, Hungary. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Building-and-Reusing-Ontologies-for-Electrical-Bernaras-Laresgoiti\/aed52d9e83e8e9e013435ad2dc05a7855b57afd6"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.1002"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10040995"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dang, F., Tang, J., & Li, S. (2019, August 5). MOOC-KG: A MOOC knowledge graph for cross-platform online learning resources [Conference session]. 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication (ICEIEC), Beijing, China. https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8784572","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEIEC.2019.8784572"},{"issue":"9","key":"IJSWIS.327355-6","first-page":"1837","article-title":"A survey on ontology learning research.","volume":"17","author":"X. Y.Du","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ruan Jian Xue Bao"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-7","unstructured":"Fernandez, L. (1999, August 2). Overview of methodologies for building ontologies [Conference session]. Proceedings of the lnternational Joint Conference on Artificial lntelligence-99 Workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods and Future trends, Stockholm, Sweden. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Overview-Of-Methodologies-For-Building-Ontologies-Lopez\/f28e342027074fdb28785a00305f89d200fe9693"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-8","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez, M., G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., & Juristo, N. (1997, March). Methontology: From ontological art towards ontological engineering [Conference session]. Symposium on Ontological Engineering of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Stanford, USA. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/50236211_METHONTOLOGY_from_ontological_art_towards_ontological_engineering"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11915034_41"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., Ortiz-Rodr\u00edguez, F., & Villaz\u00f3n-Terrazas, B. (2006, November 16\u201318). Legal ontologies for the Spanish e-government [Conference session]. Conference of the Spanish Association for Artificial Intelligence 2005: Proceedings of the 11th Spanish Association Conference on Current Topics in Artificial Intelligence, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/11881216_32","DOI":"10.1007\/11881216_32"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1995.1081"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-12","unstructured":"Gruninger, M. (1995, April 13). Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies [Conference session]. Proceedings of the Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'95), Montreal, Canada. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Methodology-for-the-Design-and-Evaluation-of-Gruninger\/497abc0ddace6a7772a5f5a3edb3d7b751476755"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-190360"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-14","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"A.Hassanien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerging technologies in data mining and information security: Proceedings of IEMIS 2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"IJSWIS.327355-15","first-page":"1","article-title":"The rise of crowdsourcing.","volume":"14","author":"J.Howe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wired Magazine"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3070843"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"IJSWIS.327355-17","first-page":"253","article-title":"Naming and necessity.","volume":"22","author":"S.Kripke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Synthese Library"},{"issue":"3","key":"IJSWIS.327355-18","first-page":"582","article-title":"Knowledge graph construction techniques","volume":"53","author":"Q.Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Research and Development"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-19","unstructured":"Liu, Y. (2013). Domain ontology construction method research in Web2.0 environment [Doctoral dissertation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China] [in Chinese]. https:\/\/www.dissertationtopic.net\/doc\/2222869"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.395"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1772-0_21"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-22","unstructured":"Martins, P., Gouveia, A., Silva, N., & Rocha, J. (2012). Debugging multi-property correspondences in ontology alignment scenarios [Conference session]. INForum, Simposio de Infomatica, Lisbon, Portugal. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/306263867"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90011-9"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-24","unstructured":"Mizoguchi, R. (1995, August 20\u201325). Ontology for modeling the world from problem-solving perspectives [Conference session]. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence-95 Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, Montreal, Canada. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/238127830_Ontology_for_modeling_the_world_from_problem_solving_perspectives"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-25","unstructured":"Noy, N., & McGuinness, D. (2001). Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. Stanford. http:\/\/www.ksl.stanford.edu\/people\/dlm\/papers\/ontology101\/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"IJSWIS.327355-26","first-page":"231","article-title":"Overview of knowledge sharing and reuse components: Ontologies and problem-solving methods.","volume":"12","author":"A. G.Perez","year":"1999","journal-title":"AI Communications"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","author":"R.Poli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theory and applications of ontology: Philosophical perspectives","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8847-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"IJSWIS.327355-28","first-page":"116","article-title":"Comparative analysis of foreign ontology construction methods","volume":"56","author":"X.Shang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Library and Information Service"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-29","unstructured":"Siemens, G. (2017). Connectivism. Foundations of Learning and Instructional Design Technology. https:\/\/pressbooks.pub\/lidtfoundations\/chapter\/connectivism-a-learning-theory-for-the-digital-age\/"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sole\u0161a-Grijak, \u0110., & Sole\u0161a, D. (2015). Survey of collective intelligence as interdisciplinary phenomenon. Croatian Journal of Education: Hrvatski \u010dasopis za odgoj i obrazovanje, 17(1), 243\u2013260.","DOI":"10.15516\/cje.v17i1.334"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-31","unstructured":"Stojanovic, L., & Motik, B. (2002). Ontology evolution within ontology editors [Conference session]. OntoWeb-SIG3 Workshop at the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management EKAW 2002, Siguenza, Spain. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Ontology-Evolution-within-Ontology-Editors-Stojanovi\u0107-"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-32","author":"S.Sumathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Machine learning for decision sciences with case studies in Python"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSE.2009.5228500"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-34","unstructured":"Swartout, B., Patil, R., Knight, K., & Russ, T. (1996, November). Toward distributed use of large-scale ontologies. In Proc. of the Tenth Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems (Vol. 138, No. 148, p. 25). IEEE."},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8116(00)00004-5"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1378704.1378719"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-021-00094-6"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCS-08-2017-0013"},{"key":"IJSWIS.327355-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13878\/j.cnki.jnuist.2017.06.002"}],"container-title":["International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=327355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T13:51:36Z","timestamp":1706795496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJSWIS.327355"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijswis.327355","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-6283","1552-6291"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-6283","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6291","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]}}}