Conveying the overall uncertainties of automated driving systems was shown to improve trust calibration and situation awareness, resulting in safer takeovers. However, the impact of presenting the uncertainties of multiple system functions has yet to be investigated. Further, existing research lacks recommendations for visualizing uncertainties in a driving context. The first study outlined in this publication investigated the implications of conveying function-specific uncertainties. The results of the driving simulator study indicate that the effects on takeover performance depends on driving experience, with less experienced drivers benefitting most. Interview responses revealed that workload increments are a major inhibitor of these benefits. Based on these findings, the second study explored the suitability of 11 visual variables for an augmented reality-based uncertainty display. The results show that particularly hue and animation-based variables are appropriate for conveying uncertainty changes. The findings inform the design of all displays that show content varying in urgency.<\/p>","DOI":"10.4018\/ijmhci.2019040105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T11:14:32Z","timestamp":1560424472000},"page":"75-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Function-Specific Uncertainty Communication in Automated Driving"],"prefix":"10.4018","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4410-7240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kunze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Summerskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh J.","family":"Filtness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}]}],"member":"2432","reference":[{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813482327"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-1","author":"J.Bertin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Semiology of Graphics: Diagrams, Networks, Maps"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-8348-2297-0"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-3","unstructured":"Carpendale, M. S. (2003). Considering Visual Variables as a basis for Information Visualisation."},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049543"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816681350"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779064555"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10277-012-0019-4"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.127"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49448-7"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2516540.2516554"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815625744"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2014.6856484"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-14","unstructured":"SAE International. (2018). Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles (J3016_201806). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sae.org\/standards\/content\/j3016_201806\/"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-15","unstructured":"ISO. (2017). BSI Standards Publication Road vehicles \u2014 Motorcycles \u2014 Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales (BS ISO 2575:2010+A7:2017)."},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-16","unstructured":"Israel, B. (2012). Potenziale eines kontaktanalogen Head-up Displays f\u00fcr den Serieneinsatz. Technical University Munich. Retrieved from https:\/\/mediatum.ub.tum.de\/doc\/1172451\/1172451.pdf"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131726.3131762"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3239060.3239074"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2018.1547842"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-20","unstructured":"Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2018). Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models Version 3.0-1. Retrieved from https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/lmerTest\/lmerTest.pdf"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.1.50.30392"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.08.011"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16097\/j.cnki.1009-6744.2017.06.008"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacEachren, A. M. (1992). Visualizing uncertain information. Cartographic Perspective, (13), 10-19.","DOI":"10.14714\/CP13.1000"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-25"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872001775870395"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.2.196.37335"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-28","unstructured":"Morrison, J. L. (1974). A theoretical framework for cartographic generalization with the emphasis on the process of symbolization. International Yearbook of Cartography, 14, 115-127."},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-29","unstructured":"NHTSA. (2008). National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey Report to Congress. Retrieved from http:\/\/www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Pubs\/811059.PDF"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810376055"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.844354"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2015.7354791"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/ars-9-49-2011"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.2010.499397"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118786352.wbieg0761"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2799250.2799291"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-37","unstructured":"Systems Technology, I. (2017). STISIM Drive 3 [Computer software]."},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2007.4538831"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-381464-7.00005-3"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-40","author":"B. J.Winer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Statistical principles in experimental design"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3125571.3125600"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343416653562"},{"key":"IJMHCI.2019040105-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.02.023"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"ng","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/viewtitle.aspx?TitleId=231846","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T22:19:25Z","timestamp":1673907565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/services.igi-global.com\/resolvedoi\/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018\/IJMHCI.2019040105"}},"subtitle":[""],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/ijmhci.2019040105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-390X","1942-3918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-390X","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-3918","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]}}}