{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1740166848627,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2023 GAA and STF of Cebu Technological University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"In view of the recent education sectoral transition to Education 4.0 (EDUC4), evaluating the preparedness of higher education institutions (HEIs) for EDUC4 implementation remains a gap in the current literature. Through a comprehensive review, seven criteria were evaluated, namely, human resources, infrastructure, financial, linkages, educational management, learners, and health and environment. This work offers two crucial contributions: (1) the development of an EDUC4 preparedness indicator system and (2) the design of a computational structure that evaluates each indicator and computes an aggregate preparedness level for an HEI. Using the full consistency method (FUCOM) to assign the priority weights of EDUC4 criteria and the rough set theory to capture the ambiguity and imprecision inherent in the measurement, this study offers an aggregate EDUC4 preparedness index to holistically capture the overall preparedness index of an HEI towards EDUC4. An actual case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed indicator system. After a thorough evaluation, the results indicate that human resources were the most critical criterion, while health and environment ranked last. Insights obtained from the study provide HEIs with salient information necessary for decision making in various aspects, including the design of targeted policies and the allocation of resources conducive to implementing EDUC4 initiatives. The proposed indicator system can be a valuable tool to guide HEIs in pursuing EDUC4, resulting in a more effective and efficient implementation of this educational paradigm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11060288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T05:38:26Z","timestamp":1686029906000},"page":"288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Preparedness Indicator System for Education 4.0 with FUCOM and Rough Sets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rose Mary","family":"Almacen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Engineering at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"given":"Delfa","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Engineering at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8329-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamaliel","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"Educational Research and Resource Center, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6880-8933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roselyn","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"Educational Research and Resource Center, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7690-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Costan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Engineering at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Costan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5453-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne","family":"Enriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"},{"name":"College of Education at Danao Campus, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7337-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jannen","family":"Batoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Educational Research and Resource Center, Cebu Technological University, Danao City 6004, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5054-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rica","family":"Villarosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & Palma St., Cebu City 6000, Philippines"}]},{"given":"Joerabell Lourdes","family":"Aro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2162-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha Shane","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Corner M.J. Cuenco Ave. & Palma St., Cebu City 6000, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Maturan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Mathematics and Operations Research, Cebu Technological University, Corner M.J. 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