{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:41:34Z","timestamp":1740166894687,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"Diverse phenomena such as feedback, interconnectedness, causality, network dynamics, and complexity are all born from Relationships. They are fundamentally important, as they are transdisciplinary and synonymous with connections, links, edges, and interconnections. The foundation of systems thinking and systems themselves consists of four universals, one of which is action\u2013reaction Relationships. They are also foundational to the consilience of knowledge. This publication gives a formal description of and predictions of action\u2013reaction Relationships (R) or \u201cR-rule\u201d. There are seven original empirical studies presented in this paper. For these seven studies, experiments for the subjects were created on software (unless otherwise noted). The experiments had the subjects complete a task and\/or answer a question. The samples are generalizable to a normal distribution of the US population and they vary for each study (ranging from N = 407 to N = 34,398). With high statistical significance the studies support the predictions made by DSRP Theory regarding action\u2013reaction Relationships including its universality as an observable phenomenon in both nature (ontological complexity) and mind (cognitive complexity); mutual dependencies on other universals (i.e., Distinctions, Systems, and Perspectives); role in structural predictions; internal structures and dynamics; efficacy as a metacognitive skill. In conclusion, these data suggest the observable and empirical existence, parallelism (between cognitive and ontological complexity), universality, and efficacy of action\u2013reaction Relationships (R).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10030071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T06:30:06Z","timestamp":1653978606000},"page":"71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Relationships Organize Information in Mind and Nature: Empirical Findings of Action\u2013Reaction Relationships (R) in Cognitive and Material Complexity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell Institute for Public Affairs, SC Johnson College of Business, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"},{"name":"Cabrera Research Lab., Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-7885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell Institute for Public Affairs, SC Johnson College of Business, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"},{"name":"Cabrera Research Lab., Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4104-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cabrera Research Lab., Ithaca, NY 14850, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1037\/h0051026","article-title":"Review of Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine","volume":"46","author":"Weily","year":"1949","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiener, N. (1961). 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