{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T05:27:51Z","timestamp":1736227671699,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001937","name":"American Floral Endowment","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RAMFE0001364801"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005888","name":"Horticultural Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SHRIN0001319101"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"USDA-NIFA-SCRI","award":["2018-51181-28365"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022967","name":"College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Office of the Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"The decline in seed quality over time due to natural aging or mishandling requires assessing seed vigor for resilience in adverse conditions. Accelerated aging (AA) methods simulate seed deterioration by subjecting seeds to high temperatures and humidity. Saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) is an AA method adopted for small seeds like lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In this study, we subjected seeds of two lettuce cultivars (\u2018Muir\u2019 and \u2018Bauer\u2019) to SSAA by sealing them in a box containing 40 g\/100 mL of a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution in a dark growth chamber at 41 \u00b0C for 24, 48, and 72 h with a control. We monitored their vigor using embedded computer cameras, tracking the projected canopy size (PCS) daily from sowing to harvest. The cultivar \u2018Muir\u2019 exhibited consistent PCS values across the treatments, while \u2018Bauer\u2019 showed PCS variations, with notable declines after prolonged aging. The germination rates dropped significantly after 48 and 72 h of SSAA. A nonlinear regression model revealed a strong relationship between PCS and shoot dry weight across harvests and cultivars (R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.15, p < 0.001). The research found that the projected canopy size and shoot dry weight increased over time with significant differences in treatments for the cultivar \u2018Bauer\u2019 but not for \u2018Muir,\u2019 with the canopy size being a strong predictor of dry weight and no significant impact from the SSAA treatments. This study highlights cultivar-specific responses to aging and demonstrates the efficacy of our imaging tool in predicting lettuce dry weight despite treatment variations. Understanding how aging affects different lettuce varieties is crucial for seed management and crop sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T14:14:46Z","timestamp":1719843286000},"page":"4235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Use of Imaging to Quantify the Impact of Seed Aging on Lettuce Seed Germination and Seedling Vigor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0549-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Iradukunda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5491-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc W.","family":"van Iersel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8023-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2685-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6873-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhuanito Soranz","family":"Ferrarezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Recent advances in emerging techniques for non-destructive detection of seed viability: A review","volume":"1","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. 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