{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T18:27:45Z","timestamp":1743013665247,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H2020\/ICT European project (\u201cCONnected through roBOTS: Physically Coupling Humans to Boost Handwriting and Music Learning\u201d (CONBOTS)","award":["871803"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Violin is one of the most complex musical instruments to learn. The learning process requires constant training and many hours of exercise and is primarily based on a student\u2013teacher interaction where the latter guides the beginner through verbal instructions, visual demonstrations, and physical guidance. The teacher\u2019s instruction and practice allow the student to learn gradually how to perform the correct gesture autonomously. Unfortunately, these traditional teaching methods require the constant supervision of a teacher and the interpretation of non-real-time feedback provided after the performance. To address these limitations, this work presents a novel interface (Visual Interface for Bowing Evaluation\u2014VIBE) to facilitate student\u2019s progression throughout the learning process, even in the absence of direct teacher intervention. The proposed interface allows two key parameters of bowing movements to be monitored, namely, the angle between the bow and the string (i.e., \u03b1 angle) and the bow tilt (i.e., \u03b2 angle), providing real-time visual feedback on how to correctly move the bow. Results collected on 24 beginners (12 exposed to visual feedback, 12 in a control group) showed a positive effect of the real-time visual feedback on the improvement of bow control. Moreover, the subjects exposed to visual feedback judged the latter as useful to correct their movement and clear in terms of the presentation of data. Although the task was rated as harder when performed with the additional feedback, the subjects did not perceive the presence of a violin teacher as essential to interpret the feedback.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24123961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T12:06:06Z","timestamp":1718798766000},"page":"3961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Real-Time Visual Feedback Based on MIMUs Technology Reduces Bowing Errors in Beginner Violin Students"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8921-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Provenzale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies\u2013CREO Lab, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0086-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Tommaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies\u2013CREO Lab, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00196 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Formica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorobotics Lab, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3215-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Taffoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies\u2013CREO Lab, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.3.363","article-title":"The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance","volume":"100","author":"Ericsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. 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