{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:54:19Z","timestamp":1740149659403,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017268","name":"Berlin Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence of Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","award":["EXC 257"]},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research"},{"name":"German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases"},{"name":"Centre for Integrative Neuroscience"},{"name":"TEVA Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd."},{"name":"Union Chimique Belge (UCB)"},{"name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc."},{"name":"International Parkinson Fonds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Excessive stride variability is a characteristic feature of cerebellar ataxias, even in pre-ataxic or prodromal disease stages. This study explores the relation of variability of arm swing and trunk deflection in relationship to stride length and gait speed in previously described cohorts of cerebellar disease and healthy elderly: we examined 10 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA), 12 patients with essential tremor (ET), and 67 healthy elderly (HE). Using inertial sensors, recordings of gait performance were conducted at different subjective walking speeds to delineate gait parameters and respective coefficients of variability (CoV). Comparisons across cohorts and walking speed categories revealed slower stride velocities in SCA and ET patients compared to HE, which was paralleled by reduced arm swing range of motion (RoM), peak velocity, and increased CoV of stride length, while no group differences were found for trunk deflections and their variability. Larger arm swing RoM, peak velocity, and stride length were predicted by higher gait velocity in all cohorts. Lower gait velocity predicted higher CoV values of trunk sagittal and horizontal deflections, as well as arm swing and stride length in ET and SCA patients, but not in HE. These findings highlight the role of arm movements in ataxic gait and the impact of gait velocity on variability, which are essential for defining disease manifestation and disease-related changes in longitudinal observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T11:38:39Z","timestamp":1716896319000},"page":"3476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gait Variability as a Potential Motor Marker of Cerebellar Disease\u2014Relationship between Variability of Stride, Arm Swing and Trunk Movements, and Walking Speed"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5560-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Kroneberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"N\u00fcmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Max-Delbrueck Center of Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1365-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Minnerop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center J\u00fclich, 52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty & University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"R\u00f6nnefarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charit\u00e9\u2013University Medicine Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charit\u00e9\u2013University Medicine Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Max-Delbrueck Center of Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"NCRC-Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Doss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Solbrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute, Hoppe-Seyler-Stra\u00dfe 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Morad","family":"Elshehabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Stra\u00dfe 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5945-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Maetzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute, Hoppe-Seyler-Stra\u00dfe 3, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Stra\u00dfe 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Max-Delbrueck Center of Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"NCRC-Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22288","article-title":"Early Symptoms in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1, 2, 3, and 6","volume":"23","author":"Globas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. 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