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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:53:30Z","timestamp":1740149610680,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"This paper presents a low-power, high-gain integrator design that uses a cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with floating inverter\u2013amplifier (FIA) assistance. Compared to a traditional cascode, the proposed integrator can achieve a gain of 80 dB, while reducing power consumption by 30%. Upon completing the analysis, the value of the FIA drive capacitor and clock scheme for the FIA-assisted OTA were obtained. To enhance the dynamic range (DR) and mitigate quantization noise, a tri-level quantizer was employed. The design of the feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) was simplified, as it does not use additional mismatch shaping techniques. A third-order, discrete-time delta\u2013sigma modulator was designed and fabricated in a 0.18 \u03bcm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. It operated on a 1.8 V supply, consuming 221 \u00b5W with a 24 kHz bandwidth. The measured SNDR and DR were 90.9 dB and 95.3 dB, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T15:47:30Z","timestamp":1708703250000},"page":"1449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 90.9 dB SNDR 95.3 dB DR Audio Delta\u2013Sigma Modulator with FIA-Assisted OTA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Gongxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1398-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongshan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Berti, C.D., Malcovati, P., Crespi, L., and Baschirotto, A. 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