{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:37:25Z","timestamp":1702946245051},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["ECCS-1923732","ECCS-EAGER-2236879","DMR-1808892"]},{"name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","award":["FA9550-20-1-0114","FA9550-23RXCOR001"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007684","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0122U001908"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"The magnetoelectric effect (ME) is an important strain mediated-phenomenon in a ferromagnetic-piezoelectric composite for a variety of sensors and signal processing devices. A bias magnetic field, in general, is essential to realize a strong ME coupling in most composites. Magnetic phases with (i) high magnetostriction for strong piezomagnetic coupling and (ii) large anisotropy field that acts as a built-in bias field are preferred so that miniature, ME composite-based devices can operate without the need for an external magnetic field. We are able to realize such a magnetic phase with a composite of (i) barium hexaferrite (BaM) with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field and (ii) nickel ferrite (NFO) with high magnetostriction. The BNx composites, with (100 \u2212 x) wt.% of BaM and x wt.% NFO, for x = 0\u2013100, were prepared. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the composites did not contain any impurity phases. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that, with an increase in NFO content, hexagonal BaM grains become prominent, leading to a large anisotropy field. The room temperature saturation magnetization showed a general increase with increasing BaM content in the composites. NFO rich composites with x \u2265 60 were found to have a large magnetostriction value of around \u221223 ppm, comparable to pure NFO. The anisotropy field HA of the composites, determined from magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements, increased with increasing NFO content and reached a maximum of 7.77 kOe for x = 75. The BNx composite was cut into rectangular platelets and bonded with PZT to form the bilayers. ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) measurements at low frequencies and at mechanical resonance showed strong coupling at zero bias for samples with x \u2265 33. This large in-plane HA acted as a built-in field for strong ME effects under zero external bias in the bilayers. The highest zero-bias MEVC of ~22 mV\/cm Oe was obtained for BN75-PZT bilayers wherein BN75 also has the highest HA. The Bilayer of BN95-PZT showed a maximum MEVC ~992 mV\/cm Oe at electromechanical resonance at 59 kHz. The use of hexaferrite\u2013spinel ferrite composite to achieve strong zero-bias ME coupling in bilayers with PZT is significant for applications related to energy harvesting, sensors, and high frequency devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23249815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T16:28:07Z","timestamp":1702916887000},"page":"9815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Spinel Ferrite-Hexagonal Ferrite Composite for Enhanced Magneto-Electric Coupling in a Bilayer with PZT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3124-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujoy","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}]},{"given":"Sabita","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3509-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksym","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"},{"name":"Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Sauyet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Pfund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}]},{"given":"Rao","family":"Bidthanapally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}]},{"given":"Menka","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6257-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5718-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gopalan","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/10408436.2014.992584","article-title":"Fundamentals of Multiferroic Materials and Their Possible Applications","volume":"40","author":"Vopson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. 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