{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:52:59Z","timestamp":1740149579561,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["031B0513H"]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)"},{"name":"Open Access Publishing Fund of the University of Potsdam","award":["491466077"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In precision agriculture, the estimation of soil parameters via sensors and the creation of nutrient maps are a prerequisite for farmers to take targeted measures such as spatially resolved fertilization. In this work, 68 soil samples uniformly distributed over a field near Bonn are investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). These investigations include the determination of the total contents of macro- and micronutrients as well as further soil parameters such as soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and soil texture. The applied LIBS instruments are a handheld and a platform spectrometer, which potentially allows for the single-point measurement and scanning of whole fields, respectively. Their results are compared with a high-resolution lab spectrometer. The prediction of soil parameters was based on multivariate methods. Different feature selection methods and regression methods like PLS, PCR, SVM, Lasso, and Gaussian processes were tested and compared. While good predictions were obtained for Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Cu, and silt content, excellent predictions were obtained for K, Fe, and clay content. The comparison of the three different spectrometers showed that although the lab spectrometer gives the best results, measurements with both field spectrometers also yield good results. This allows for a method transfer to the in-field measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1692112508000},"page":"7178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mobile Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Future Application in Precision Agriculture\u2014A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5732-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Erler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1234-6733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Riebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"given":"Toralf","family":"Beitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hans-Gerd","family":"L\u00f6hmannsr\u00f6ben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Leenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9739-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"P\u00e4tzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ostermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Process Analytical Technology, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willst\u00e4tter-Stra\u00dfe 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7888-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Field Theory, Electronic Circuits and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50370 Wroclaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"789","article-title":"Applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil analysis, part I: Review of fundamentals and chemical and physical properties","volume":"71","author":"Franco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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