{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T19:12:57Z","timestamp":1735585977473},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51931011","52127803"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"K.C. Wong Education Foun-dation","award":["GJTD-2020-11"]},{"name":"\u201cPioneer\u201d and \u201cLeading Goose\u201d R&D Program of Zhejiang","award":["2022C01032"]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program","award":["2021C01183"]},{"name":"Ningbo Key Scientific and Techno-logical Project","award":["2022Z094"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"With the merits of high sensitivity, high stability, high flexibility, low cost, and simple manufacturing, flexible magnetic field sensors have potential applications in various fields such as geomagnetosensitive E-Skins, magnetoelectric compass, and non-contact interactive platforms. Based on the principles of various magnetic field sensors, this paper introduces the research progress of flexible magnetic field sensors, including the preparation, performance, related applications, etc. In addition, the prospects of flexible magnetic field sensors and their challenges are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T05:39:05Z","timestamp":1681882745000},"page":"4083","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Flexible Magnetic Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0508-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2277-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yali","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}]},{"given":"Huali","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6106-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengchao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}]},{"given":"Xilai","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0996-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}]},{"given":"Run-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4938497","article-title":"Shapeable magnetoelectronics","volume":"3","author":"Makarov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201302240","article-title":"25th anniversary article: The evolution of electronic skin (e-skin): A brief history, design considerations, and recent progress","volume":"25","author":"Hammock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"097503","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.71.20212354","article-title":"Research progress of flexible magnetic films and devices","volume":"71","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2096","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2096","article-title":"A review of recent advancements in soft and flexible robots for medical applications","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Robotics Comput. Assist Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2832","article-title":"Flexible polymer transistors with high pressure sensitivity for application in electronic skin and health monitoring","volume":"4","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007788","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202007788","article-title":"Magnetosensitive e-skins for interactive devices","volume":"31","author":"Makarov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206157","article-title":"Epidermal electronics","volume":"333","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Y., Yang, N., Xu, Q., Dai, Y., and Wang, Z. (2021). Recent Advances in Flexible Tactile Sensors for Intelligent Systems. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21165392"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28665","DOI":"10.3390\/s151128665","article-title":"Recent developments of magnetoresistive sensors for industrial applications","volume":"15","author":"Jogschies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"058504","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.71.20211883","article-title":"Research progress of tunneling magnetoresistance sensor","volume":"71","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/jccs.202000353","article-title":"The progress of magnetic sensor applied in biomedicine: A review of non-invasive techniques and sensors","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chin. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa66ec","article-title":"Challenges and trends in magnetic sensor integration with microfluidics for biomedical applications","volume":"50","author":"Cardoso","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127502","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/22\/12\/127502","article-title":"Fabrication, properties, and applications of flexible magnetic films","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. B"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011006","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-4926\/39\/1\/011006","article-title":"Flexible magnetic thin films and devices","volume":"39","author":"Sheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Semicond."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2475\/ajs.s3-19.111.200","article-title":"On a new action of the magnet on electric currents","volume":"3","author":"Hall","year":"1880","journal-title":"Am. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4004004","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2015.2438232","article-title":"Flexible hall sensorics for flux-based control of magnetic levitation","volume":"51","author":"Monch","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7683","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR08729E","article-title":"Flexible Hall sensors based on graphene","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201405027","article-title":"Wearable magnetic field sensors for flexible electronics","volume":"27","author":"Melzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Ernst, D., M\u00f6nch, J.I., Schmidt, O.G., and Zerna, T. (2015, January 14\u201316). Manufacturing of flexible (ultra-)thin magnetic field sensors. Proceedings of the 2015 European Microelectronics Packaging Conference (EMPC), Friedrichshafen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2018.05.055","article-title":"Flux measurement and conditioning system for heteropolar active magnetic bearing using Kapton-foil Hall sensors","volume":"115","author":"Mystkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal. Pr."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"39","article-title":"Packaging of ultrathin flexible magnetic field sensors with polyimide interposer and integration in an active magnetic bearing","volume":"10","author":"Ernst","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE T. Comp. Pack. Man."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8736","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2575802","article-title":"CMOS vertical hall magnetic sensors on flexible substrate","volume":"16","author":"Heidari","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1098\/rspl.1856.0144","article-title":"On the electro-dynamic qualities of metals:\u2014Effects of magnetization on the electric conductivity of nickel and of iron","volume":"8","author":"Thomson","year":"1857","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2011.2155629","article-title":"Modular eddy current micro sensor","volume":"47","author":"Griesbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2753256","article-title":"A concept for a toolbox of components for modular magnetic microsensors","volume":"3","author":"Gatzen","year":"2007","journal-title":"ECS Trans."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griesbach, T., Wurz, M.C., Christopher, R., and Rissing, L. (2011, January 7\u20139). Application of sacrificial layers for the modular micro sensor fabrication on a flexible polymer substrate. Proceedings of the Sensor and Test Conference, Hanover, Germany.","DOI":"10.5162\/sensor11\/b8.3"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2012.2198798","article-title":"Design, fabrication, and testing of a modular magnetic field microsensor on a flexible polymer foil","volume":"48","author":"Griesbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9370","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201602910","article-title":"Highly sensitive flexible magnetic sensor based on anisotropic magnetoresistance effect","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Su, W., Pu, J., Hu, Z., and Liu, M. (2018, January 23\u201327). A Self-biased Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR) Magnetic Field Sensor on Flexible Kapton. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), Marina Bay Sands Convention Centre, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/INTMAG.2018.8508672"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2016.08.022","article-title":"Stress Reduction in Sputtered Thin NiFe 81\/19 Layers for Magnetic Field Sensors","volume":"26","author":"Jogschies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0161-6","article-title":"Electronic-skin compasses for geomagnetic field-driven artificial magnetoreception and interactive electronics","volume":"1","author":"Fuchs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301103","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2018.2846758","article-title":"Highly Sensitive Magnetic Sensor Based on Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effect","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-021-04411-1","article-title":"Printable anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors for highly compliant electronics","volume":"127","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29802-7","article-title":"A new dimension for magnetosensitive e-skins: Active matrix integrated micro-origami sensor arrays","volume":"13","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1063\/1.113697","article-title":"Low-field magnetic sensors based on the planar Hall effect","volume":"66","author":"Schuhl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-018-0046-9","article-title":"Highly compliant planar Hall effect sensor with sub 200\u2009nT sensitivity","volume":"3","author":"Granell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5493","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2907616","article-title":"Shapeable planar hall sensor with a stable sensitivity under concave and convex bending","volume":"19","author":"Ozer","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063903","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4790139","article-title":"Planar Hall resistance ring sensor based on NiFe\/Cu\/IrMn trilayer structure","volume":"113","author":"Sinha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4100705","DOI":"10.1109\/LMAG.2020.2966422","article-title":"Highly Bendable Planar Hall Resistance Sensor","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Magnetics Letters"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.57.2442","article-title":"Layered magnetic structures: Evidence for antiferromagnetic coupling of Fe layers across Cr interlayers","volume":"57","author":"Grunberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.61.2472","article-title":"Giant magnetoresistance of (001)Fe\/(001)Cr magnetic superlattices","volume":"61","author":"Baibich","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4828","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.39.4828","article-title":"Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange","volume":"39","author":"Binasch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4774","DOI":"10.1063\/1.348252","article-title":"Magnetotransport properties of magnetically soft spin-valve structures (invited)","volume":"69","author":"Dieny","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.66.2152","article-title":"Oscillatory magnetic exchange coupling through thin copper layers","volume":"66","author":"Parkin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1246","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.31.L1246","article-title":"Giant Magnetoresistance in Antiferromagnetic Co\/Cu Multilayers Grown on Kapton","volume":"31","author":"Parkin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1063\/1.117315","article-title":"Flexible giant magnetoresistance sensors","volume":"69","author":"Parkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1039\/b206896f","article-title":"A flexible giant magnetoresistance sensor prepared completely by electrochemical synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17a901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4793602","article-title":"Effect of buffer layer and external stress on magnetic properties of flexible FeGa films","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200800230","article-title":"Towards Flexible Magnetoelectronics: Buffer-Enhanced and Mechanically Tunable GMR of Co\/Cu Multilayers on Plastic Substrates","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153501","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4918652","article-title":"High-performance giant magnetoresistive sensorics on flexible Si membranes","volume":"106","author":"Melzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2006.03.070","article-title":"Magnetostrictive GMR sensor on flexible polyimide substrates","volume":"307","author":"Uhrmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2009.04.070","article-title":"Pseudo spin-valve on plastic substrate as sensing elements of mechanical strain","volume":"84","author":"Anwarzai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035206","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4943770","article-title":"Magnetostrictive GMR spin valves with composite FeGa\/FeCo free layers","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIP Adv."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34036-z","article-title":"Magnetization Manipulation of a Flexible Magnetic Sensor by Controlled Stress Application","volume":"8","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022412","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4776661","article-title":"Effect of mechanical strain on magnetic properties of flexible exchange biased FeGa\/IrMn heterostructures","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0022-3","article-title":"A flexible giant magnetoresistive device for sensing strain direction","volume":"1","author":"Ota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neto, M., Ribeiro, P., Nunes, R., Jamone, L., Bernardino, A., and Cardoso, S. (2021). A Soft Tactile Sensor Based on Magnetics and Hybrid Flexible-Rigid Electronics. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21155098"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4700205","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2017.2714625","article-title":"A Miniaturized Force Sensor Based on Hair-Like Flexible Magnetized Cylinders Deposited Over a Giant Magnetoresistive Sensor","volume":"53","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12303-5","article-title":"A bimodal soft electronic skin for tactile and touchless interaction in real time","volume":"10","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1021\/nl201108b","article-title":"Stretchable magnetoelectronics","volume":"11","author":"Melzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra01062c","article-title":"Elastic magnetic sensor with isotropic sensitivity for in-flow detection of magnetic objects","volume":"2","author":"Melzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00751D","article-title":"A highly flexible and compact magnetoresistive analytic device","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab. Chip."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340005","DOI":"10.1142\/S2010324713400055","article-title":"Stretchability and Self-Healing of Wrinkled Gmr Multilayers on Elastomeric Membranes","volume":"03","author":"Melzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spin"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6468","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201201898","article-title":"Stretchable spin valves on elastomer membranes by predetermined periodic fracture and random wrinkling","volume":"24","author":"Melzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403998","article-title":"Direct transfer of magnetic sensor devices to elastomeric supports for stretchable electronics","volume":"27","author":"Melzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6080","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7080","article-title":"Imperceptible magnetoelectronics","volume":"6","author":"Melzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b00034","article-title":"Stretchable Spin Valve with Stable Magnetic Field Sensitivity by Ribbon-Patterned Periodic Wrinkles","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102409","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4943943","article-title":"Surface morphology and magnetic property of wrinkled FeGa thin films fabricated on elastic polydimethylsiloxane","volume":"108","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2019.165911","article-title":"Surface morphology and magnetic anisotropy of zigzag wrinkled NiFe films grown on polydimethylsiloxane","volume":"497","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab52cf","article-title":"A review on stretchable magnetic field sensorics","volume":"53","author":"Melzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403907","article-title":"High-performance magnetic sensorics for printable and flexible electronics","volume":"27","author":"Karnaushenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2005521","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005521","article-title":"Printable and Stretchable Giant Magnetoresistive Sensors for Highly Compliant and Skin-Conformal Electronics","volume":"33","author":"Ha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(75)90174-7","article-title":"Tunneling between ferromagnetic films","volume":"54","author":"Julliere","year":"1975","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.74.3273","article-title":"Large magnetoresistance at room temperature in ferromagnetic thin film tunnel junctions","volume":"74","author":"Moodera","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L231","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-8853(95)90001-2","article-title":"Giant magnetic tunneling effect in Fe\/Al2O3\/Fe junction","volume":"139","author":"Miyazaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-smt.2017.0433","article-title":"Interference-rejecting current measurement method with tunnel magnetoresistive magnetic sensor array","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"IET Sci. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12363","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2938368","article-title":"Hybrid Rigid-Flexible Magnetoresistive Device Based on a Wafer Level Packaging Technology for Micrometric Proximity Measurements","volume":"19","author":"Franco","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.03.035","article-title":"Inner circumferential current field testing system with TMR sensor arrays for inner-wall cracks inspection in aluminum tubes","volume":"122","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2021.110249","article-title":"Swept-Frequency eddy current excitation for TMR array sensor and Pulse-Compression: Feasibility study and quantitative comparison of time and frequency domains processing","volume":"187","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2022.110926","article-title":"Research on crack monitoring technology of flexible eddy current array sensor based on TMR sensors","volume":"192","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Z., Mohd Noor Sam, M.A.I., Oogane, M., and Ando, Y. (2021). Serial MTJ-Based TMR Sensors in Bridge Configuration for Detection of Fractured Steel Bar in Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020668"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4001004","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2021.3085095","article-title":"A Study of Hysteresis Reduction of Small AC Magnetic Field Modulated Tunneling Magnetoresistive Sensor","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2866299","article-title":"High-Density Large-Scale TMR Sensor Array for Magnetic Field Imaging","volume":"68","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2264102","article-title":"Noncontact Operation-State Monitoring Technology Based on Magnetic-Field Sensing for Overhead High-Voltage Transmission Lines","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE T Power. Deliv."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9610","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2927086","article-title":"Measurement of Triaxial Magnetocardiography Using High Sensitivity Tunnel Magnetoresistance Sensor","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"072502","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3300717","article-title":"Magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions grown on flexible organic substrates","volume":"96","author":"Barraud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201203072","article-title":"Flexible and stretchable polymers with embedded magnetic nanostructures","volume":"25","author":"Donolato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202401","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5128952","article-title":"Flexible CoFeB\/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions annealed at high temperature (\u2265350 \u00b0C)","volume":"115","author":"Ota","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"062412","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4865201","article-title":"Flexible spintronic devices on Kapton","volume":"104","author":"Donolato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5300204","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2016.2623669","article-title":"Flexible Magnetoresistive Sensors Designed for Conformal Integration","volume":"53","author":"Gaspar","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4983","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600062","article-title":"Flexible MgO Barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junctions","volume":"28","author":"Loong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42001","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42001","article-title":"High Performance MgO-barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Flexible and Wearable Spintronic Applications","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800471","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201800471","article-title":"High-Performance Flexible Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Smart Miniaturized Instruments","volume":"20","author":"Amara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-7-230","article-title":"Nanostructured giant magneto-impedance multilayers deposited onto flexible substrates for low pressure sensing","volume":"7","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2007.05.003","article-title":"Giant magnetoimpedance materials: Fundamentals and applications","volume":"53","author":"Phan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Mater Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6582","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503127","article-title":"Self-Assembled On-Chip-Integrated Giant Magneto-Impedance Sensorics","volume":"27","author":"Karnaushenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2014.11.067","article-title":"Flexible magnetoimpedance sensor","volume":"378","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2013.12.009","article-title":"Dynamic magnetic behavior in non-magnetostrictive multilayered films grown on glass and flexible substrates","volume":"355","author":"Agra","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2015.05.037","article-title":"Study of the effect of the deposition rate and seed layers on structure and magnetic properties of magnetron sputtered FeNi films","volume":"119","author":"Svalov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2016.02.004","article-title":"Flexible thin film magnetoimpedance sensors","volume":"415","author":"Kurlyandskaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-022-00210-7","article-title":"Self-assembly as a tool to study microscale curvature and strain-dependent magnetic properties","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7888","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504015","article-title":"Magnetic Nanocomposite Cilia Tactile Sensor","volume":"27","author":"Alfadhel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"729","article-title":"Magnetoelectric effect in chromium oxide","volume":"13","author":"Astrov","year":"1961","journal-title":"Sov. Phys. JETP"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.7.310","article-title":"Observation of the Magnetically Induced Magnetoelectric Effect and Evidence for Antiferromagnetic Domains","volume":"7","author":"Rado","year":"1961","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083507","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2337996","article-title":"Giant magnetoelectric effect in Metglas\/polyvinylidene-fluoride laminates","volume":"89","author":"Zhai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2017.10.010","article-title":"A flexible multiferroic composite with high self-biased magnetoelectric coupling","volume":"153","author":"Jing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9728","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-021-05937-8","article-title":"Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)\/cobalt ferrite composite films with a self-biased magnetoelectric effect for flexible AC magnetic sensors","volume":"56","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1007\/s10948-020-05683-z","article-title":"Synthesis of C60-Coated Ferric Oxide and Its Application in Detecting Magnetic Field","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Supercond. Nov. Magn."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4928","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2668989","article-title":"Fabrication and Characterization of High-Performance Polymer-Based Magnetoelectric DC Magnetic Field Sensors Devices","volume":"64","author":"Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE T Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.11.247","article-title":"Novel Screen Printed Flexible Magnetoelectric Thin Film Sensor","volume":"168","author":"Chlaihawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021123","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0039089","article-title":"Ultrasensitive flexible magnetoelectric sensor","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"APL Mater."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2018.06.006","article-title":"Fabrication of a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride\/carbonyl iron (PVDF\/CI) magnetic composite film towards the magnetic field and deformation bi-sensor","volume":"165","author":"Sang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"102239","article-title":"Additively manufactured multifunctional materials with magnetoelectric properties","volume":"47","author":"Malley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2018.09.020","article-title":"Magnetic field control of polarization\/capacitance\/voltage\/resistance through lattice strain in BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposite","volume":"469","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.01.193","article-title":"High magnetic-dielectric tunability in Ni nanocrystals embedded BaTiO3 films","volume":"785","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"269","article-title":"Polymer-based smart materials by printing technologies: Improving application and integration","volume":"21","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimogianopoulos, D.G., Charitidis, P.J., and Mouzakis, D.E. (2020). Inducing Damage Diagnosis Capabilities in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by Magnetoelastic Sensor Integration via 3D Printing. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10031029"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.105985","article-title":"A 3D-printed, alternatively tilt-polarized PVDF-TrFE polymer with enhanced piezoelectric effect for self-powered sensor application","volume":"85","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5394","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC01428D","article-title":"All-printed multilayer materials with improved magnetoelectric response","volume":"7","author":"Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2020.107829","article-title":"Spray-printed magnetoelectric multifunctional composites","volume":"187","author":"Martins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495303","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/44\/49\/495303","article-title":"Optimizing piezoelectric and magnetoelectric responses on CoFe2O4\/P(VDF-TrFE) nanocomposites","volume":"44","author":"Martins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"055050","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/25\/5\/055050","article-title":"Optimized anisotropic magnetoelectric response of Fe61.6Co16.4Si10.8B11.2\/PVDF\/Fe61.6Co16.4Si10.8B11.2 laminates for AC\/DC magnetic field sensing","volume":"25","author":"Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00034-4","article-title":"Cellulose-based magnetoelectric composites","volume":"8","author":"Zong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2978711","article-title":"A Magnetoelectric Compass for In-Plane AC Magnetic Field Detection","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE T Ind. Electron."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/8\/4083\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T06:18:49Z","timestamp":1681885129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/8\/4083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s23084083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23084083","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]}}}