{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:52:45Z","timestamp":1740149565013,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China high-resolution earth observation system","award":["21-Y20B01-9003-19\/22"]},{"name":"Common Application Support Platform for Land Observation Satellites of China\u2019s Civil Space Infrastructure","award":["CASPLOS_CCSI"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Validation is the basis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image quantification applications. Based on the point target of the field site, the radiation characteristics of the backscattering coefficient image can be used to optimize the SAR imaging, and the product production system can be more closely targeted, to ensure the image product accuracy in the actual quantification application. In this study, the validation of the backscattering coefficient image was examined using calibrators, and the radiometric properties of the image were evaluated by extracting the radar cross-section of each point target. Bilinear interpolation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) interpolation methods were introduced for the local area interpolation of point targets, and the two methods were compared from the perspective of response function imaging and validation accuracy. The results show that the FFT interpolation method is more favorable for validating the backscattering coefficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T08:50:32Z","timestamp":1672649432000},"page":"469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of Interpolation Methods in the Validation of Backscattering Coefficient Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7923-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The Radiometric Calibration of Satellite Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aerosp. Shanghai"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"630","article-title":"Key Methods and Experiment Verification for the Validation of Quantitative Remote Sensing Products","volume":"32","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"567","article-title":"Basic Frame of Remote Sensing Validation System","volume":"4","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arid Land Geogr."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Ulaby, F.T. (1987). Microwave Remote Sensing, Scientific Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Guo, H. (2000). Radar Earth Observation Theory and Applications, Scientific Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1109\/36.193786","article-title":"SAR Calibration: An Overview","volume":"30","author":"Freeman","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Wong, L.G.C.F.H. (2012). Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Algorithms and Implementation, Publishing House of Electronics Industry."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19860129","article-title":"Fast Interpolation Algorithm Using FFT","volume":"22","author":"Prasad","year":"1986","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"3","article-title":"Research on Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm Based on Interpolation Re-sampling Method","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Power"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"677","article-title":"Comparative Study on the Applicability of Two Corner Reflector based Radiometric Calibration Methods for High Resolution Airborne SAR Image","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1109\/36.46702","article-title":"Polarimetric SAR Calibration Experiment Using Active Radar Calibrators","volume":"28","author":"Freeman","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1109\/36.54363","article-title":"Synthetic Aperture Radar Calibration Using Reference Reflectors","volume":"28","author":"Gray","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1109\/36.739116","article-title":"SAR Calibration Using Frequency-Tunable Active Radar Calibrators","volume":"37","author":"Shimada","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"38","article-title":"Study on Corner Reflectors in SAR Calibration","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Inf."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"711","article-title":"Research on Space-borne SAR Field Calibration Experiment\u2014A Case Study of TerraSAR-X Field Calibration","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1481","article-title":"A Scheme and Its Analysis for Fast Linear Image Interpolation","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Electron. Sin."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Guo, X. (2013). A Study of the Filtering Algorithm for Quasi-bilinear Interpolation Based on Curvature. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Hebei Normal University]."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"173","article-title":"Improved Algorithm for Interpolation Based on FFT","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Data Acquis. Process."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Bailey, K. (2004, January 28\u201330). A Novel Approach to Real-time Bilinear Interpolation. Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Electronic Design, Perth, WA, Australia."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7242","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2017.1371858","article-title":"Radiometric Calibration Stability Assessment for the RISAT-1 SAR Sensor Using a Deployed Point Target Array at the Desalpar Site, Rann of Kutch, India","volume":"38","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Yu, W., and Deng, Y. (2017). The SAR Payload Design and Performance for the GF-3 Mission. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102419"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"113","article-title":"The Method Study on Automatic Sea Ice Detection with Gao Fen-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Data in Polar Regions","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"308","article-title":"Comparison of Several Interpolation Algorithms in Range-doppler Method","volume":"3","author":"Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Electron. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Yang, X., Lou, C., Xu, J., and Zhao, Y. (2007). Software-Defined Radio: Principles and Practice, Electronic Industry Publishing House. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"9","article-title":"Comparison of Interpolation Algorithms in Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Processing","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foreign Electron. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Oliver, C., and Quegan, S. (2004). Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images, Publishing House of Electronics Industry."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1109\/78.388863","article-title":"Sinc Interpolation of Discrete Periodic Signals","volume":"43","author":"Schanze","year":"1995","journal-title":"EEE Trans. Signal Process"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Oppenheim, A.V., Schafer, R.W., and Buck, J.R. (2015). Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Publishing House of Electronics Industry. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, D. (2013, January 22). Comparison of Commonly Used Image Interpolation Methods. Proceedings of the ICCSEE 2013, Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.2991\/iccsee.2013.391"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Proakis, J.G., and Manolakis, D.G. (2007). Digital Signal Process, Publishing House of Electronic Industry. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Zhang, F., Shao, Y., Wei, Q., Huang, Q., and Jiao, Y. (2022). Airborne SAR Radiometric Calibration Based on Improved Sliding Window Integral Method. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010320"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/469\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T09:50:44Z","timestamp":1736934644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/1\/469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s23010469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23010469","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}