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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:52:58Z","timestamp":1740149578597,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) is being deployed to provide smart solutions for buildings, logistics, hospitals, and many more. It is growing with billions of connected devices. However, with such tremendous growth, maintenance and support are the hidden burdens. The devices deployed for IoT generally have a light microcontroller, low-power, low memory, and lightweight software. The software, which includes firmware and applications, can be managed remotely via a wireless connection. This improves flexibility, installation time, accessibility, effectiveness, and cost. The firmware can be updated constantly to remove known bugs and improve the functionality of the device. This work presents an approach to update firmware over-the-air (OTA) for constrained IoT devices. We used Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) as the wireless communication standard to communicate between the managing server and devices. NB-IoT is one of the most promising low power wide area (LPWA) network protocols that supports more than 50k devices within a cell using a licensed spectrum. This work is a proof of concept demonstrating the usage of NB-IoT to update firmware for constrained devices. We also calculated the overall power consumption and latency for different sizes of the firmware.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T09:12:21Z","timestamp":1665393141000},"page":"7572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Over-the-Air Firmware Updates for Constrained NB-IoT Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7255-7877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farouk","family":"Mahfoudhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Networks, Nokia Networks, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5268-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish Kumar","family":"Sultania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp and Imec, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Famaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp and Imec, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultania, A.K., Zand, P., Blondia, C., and Famaey, J. 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