{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:52:14Z","timestamp":1740149534214,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah (KSA)","award":["1442\/505"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Locating a missing child or elderly person in a large gathering through face recognition in videos is still challenging because of various dynamic factors. In this paper, we present an intelligent mechanism for tracking missing persons in an unconstrained large gathering scenario of Al-Nabawi Mosque, Madinah, KSA. The proposed mechanism in this paper is unique in two aspects. First, there are various proposals existing in the literature that deal with face detection and recognition in high-quality images of a large crowd but none of them tested tracking of a missing person in low resolution images of a large gathering scenario. Secondly, our proposed mechanism is unique in the sense that it employs four phases: (a) report missing person online through web and mobile app based on spatio-temporal features; (b) geo fence set estimation for reducing search space; (c) face detection using the fusion of Viola Jones cascades LBP, CART, and HAAR to optimize the results of the localization of face regions; and (d) face recognition to find a missing person based on the profile image of reported missing person. The overall results of our proposed intelligent tracking mechanism suggest good performance when tested on a challenging dataset of 2208 low resolution images of large crowd gathering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T05:57:11Z","timestamp":1657864631000},"page":"5270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tracking Missing Person in Large Crowd Gathering Using Intelligent Video Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Information System, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2178-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nauman","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad 45570, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashif","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad 45570, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"AlZahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Information System, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazal","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Information System, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7097-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qammer H.","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3846\/aviation.2019.10681","article-title":"Method for real time face recognition application in unmanned aerial vehicles","volume":"23","author":"Goranin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aviation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.3620","article-title":"Searching for faces in crowd chokepoint videos","volume":"34","author":"Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. 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