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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,4]],"date-time":"2024-08-04T13:20:06Z","timestamp":1722777606181},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M3A9E2056461"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202017D01"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Significant progress has been made in the field of micro\/nano-retinal implant technologies. However, the high pixel range, power leakage, reliability, and lifespan of retinal implants are still questionable. Active implantable devices are safe, cost-effective, and reliable. Although a device that can meet basic safety requirements set by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Union is reliable for long-term use and provides control on current and voltage parameters, it will be expensive and cannot be commercially successful. This study proposes an economical, fully controllable, and configurable wireless communication system based on field-programmable gated arrays (FPGAs) that were designed with the ability to cope with the issues that arise in retinal implantation. This system incorporates hexagonal biphasic stimulation pulses generated by a digital controller that can be fully controlled using an external transmitter. The integration of two separate domain analog systems and a digital controller based on FPGAs is proposed in this study. The system was also implemented on a microchip and verified using in vitro results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22082899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T10:02:54Z","timestamp":1649584974000},"page":"2899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hexagonal Stimulation Digital Controller Design and Verification for Wireless Subretinal Implant Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wajahat","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and echnology, Incheon 21999, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hojong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5866-465X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungsuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Incheon 21936, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.908693","article-title":"A 232-channel epiretinal stimulator ASIC","volume":"42","author":"Ortmanns","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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