{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T20:08:57Z","timestamp":1726258137561},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Ever since the introduction of fifth generation (5G) mobile communications, the mobile telecommunications industry has been debating whether 5G is an \u201cevolution\u201d or \u201crevolution\u201d from the previous legacy mobile networks, but now that 5G has been commercially available for the past few years, the research direction has recently shifted towards the upcoming generation of mobile communication system, known as the sixth generation (6G), which is expected to drastically provide significant and evolutionary, if not revolutionary, improvements in mobile networks. The promise of extremely high data rates (in terabits), artificial intelligence (AI), ultra-low latency, near-zero\/low energy, and immense connected devices is expected to enhance the connectivity, sustainability, and trustworthiness and provide some new services, such as truly immersive \u201cextended reality\u201d (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and a new generation of entertainment. Sixth generation and its vision are still under research and open for developers and researchers to establish and develop their directions to realize future 6G technology, which is expected to be ready as early as 2028. This paper reviews 6G mobile technology, including its vision, requirements, enabling technologies, and challenges. Meanwhile, a total of 11 communication technologies, including terahertz (THz) communication, visible light communication (VLC), multiple access, coding, cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) zero-energy interface, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), and infusion of AI\/machine learning (ML) in wireless transmission techniques, are presented. Moreover, this paper compares 5G and 6G in terms of services, key technologies, and enabling communications techniques. Finally, it discusses the crucial future directions and technology developments in 6G.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T03:51:06Z","timestamp":1642737066000},"page":"762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Revolution or Evolution? Technical Requirements and Considerations towards 6G Mobile Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5152-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saddam","family":"Alraih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0957-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibraheem","family":"Shayea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34467, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8380-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehran","family":"Behjati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9254-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosdiadee","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6593-5603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor Fadzilah","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8514-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma\u2019","family":"Abu-Samah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Kalyani 741235, India"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24910","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2890302","article-title":"Spectrum Gap Analysis with Practical Solutions for Future Mobile Data Traffic Growth in Malaysia","volume":"7","author":"Shayea","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2018.2848498","article-title":"6G vision and requirements: Is there any need for beyond 5G?","volume":"13","author":"David","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Veh. 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