{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:51:49Z","timestamp":1740149509811,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Tetracycline (TC) is a widely known antibiotic used worldwide to treat animals. Its residues in animal-origin foods cause adverse health effects to consumers. Low-cost and real-time measuring systems of TC in food samples are, therefore, extremely needed. In this work, a three-electrode sensitive and label-free sensor was developed to detect TC residues from milk and meat extract samples, using CO2 laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) used as a synthetic biorecognition element. LIG was patterned on a polyimide (PI) substrate, reaching a minimum sheet resistance (Rsh) of 17.27 \u00b1 1.04 \u03a9\/sq. The o-phenylenediamine (oPD) monomer and TC template were electropolymerized on the surface of the LIG working electrode to form the MIP. Surface morphology and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the formation of LIG and to confirm each modification step. The sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), leading to a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.32 nM, 0.85 nM, and 0.80 nM in buffer, milk, and meat extract samples, respectively, with a working range of 5 nM to 500 nM and a linear response range between 10 nM to 300 nM. The sensor showed good LOD (0.32 nM), reproducibility, and stability, and it can be used as an alternative system to detect TC from animal-origin food products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T04:29:07Z","timestamp":1640924947000},"page":"269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes Modified with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Detection of Tetracycline in Milk and Meat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6436-8849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biresaw D.","family":"Abera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 6000, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Ortiz-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2414-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bajramshahe","family":"Shkodra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1582-9626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"J. Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6398-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cantarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Petti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-6699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Salinas-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8133-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almudena","family":"Rivadeneyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.11.040","article-title":"Human health risk assessment of antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: A review","volume":"169","author":"Ben","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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