{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T22:40:33Z","timestamp":1736894433781,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00645\/2020"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"COST Action","award":["TD1301","CA17115"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In this paper we revisited a database with measurements of the dielectric properties of rat muscles. Measurements were performed both in vivo and ex vivo; the latter were performed in tissues with varying levels of hydration. Dielectric property measurements were performed with an open-ended coaxial probe between the frequencies of 500 MHz and 50 GHz at a room temperature of 25 \u00b0C. In vivo dielectric properties are more valuable for creating realistic electromagnetic models of biological tissue, but these are more difficult to measure and scarcer in the literature. In this paper, we used machine learning models to predict the in vivo dielectric properties of rat muscle from ex vivo dielectric property measurements for varying levels of hydration. We observed promising results that suggest that our model can make a fair estimation of in vivo properties from ex vivo properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21206935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T01:31:26Z","timestamp":1634779886000},"page":"6935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Application of Machine Learning to Predict Dielectric Properties of In Vivo Biological Tissue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Branislav","family":"Gerazov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}]},{"given":"Daphne Anne","family":"Caligari Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Device Lab, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Farrugia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8138-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles V.","family":"Sammut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Schembri Wismayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0025-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel C.","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1984.325365","article-title":"Frequency-Dependent Absorption of Electromagnetic Energy in Biological Tissue","volume":"BME-31","author":"Joines","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Campbell, A.M. (1990). Measurements and Analysis of the Microwave Dielectric Properties of Tissues. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Glasgow]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/003","article-title":"The Dielectric Properties of Biological Tissues: III. Parametric Models for the Dielectric Spectrum of Tissues","volume":"41","author":"Gabriel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/002","article-title":"The Dielectric Properties of Biological Tissues: II. Measurements in the Frequency Range 10 Hz to 20 GHz","volume":"41","author":"Gabriel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Med. 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