{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T16:47:45Z","timestamp":1725641265692},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico","award":["486847"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"The study of power quality (PQ) has gained relevance over the years due to the increase in non-linear loads connected to the grid. Therefore, it is important to study the propagation of power quality disturbances (PQDs) to determine the propagation points in the grid, and their source of generation. Some papers in the state of the art perform the analysis of punctual measurements of a limited number of PQDs, some of them using high-cost commercial equipment. The proposed method is based upon a developed proprietary system, composed of a data logger FPGA with GPS, that allows the performance of synchronized measurements merged with the full parameterized PQD model, allowing the detection and tracking of disturbances propagating through the grid using wavelet transform (WT), fast Fourier transform (FFT), Hilbert\u2013Huang transform (HHT), genetic algorithms (GAs), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Measurements have been performed in an industrial installation, detecting the propagation of three PQDs: impulsive transients propagated at two locations in the grid, voltage fluctuation, and harmonic content propagated to all the locations. The results obtained show that the low-cost system and the developed methodology allow the detection of several PQDs, and track their propagation within a grid with 100% accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T05:56:40Z","timestamp":1623045400000},"page":"3910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Power Quality Disturbance Tracking Based on a Proprietary FPGA Sensor with GPS Synchronization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5061-3847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar N.","family":"Pardo-Zamora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3192-5332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene de J.","family":"Romero-Troncoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3800-3712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus R.","family":"Millan-Almaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical, and Mathematical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6153-9438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Morinigo-Sotelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electric Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0868-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roque A.","family":"Osornio-Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1898-2228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Antonino-Daviu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de la Energ\u00eda, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2743762","article-title":"Hybrid Approach Based on GA and PSO for Parameter Estimation of a Full Power Quality Disturbance Parameterized Model","volume":"14","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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