{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T17:53:13Z","timestamp":1725990793995},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES025128"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"The rapid evolution of air sensor technologies has offered enormous opportunities for community-engaged research by enabling citizens to monitor the air quality at any time and location. However, many low-cost portable sensors do not provide sufficient accuracy or are designed only for technically capable individuals by requiring pairing with smartphone applications or other devices to view\/store air quality data and collect location data. This paper describes important design considerations for portable devices to ensure effective citizen engagement and reliable data collection for the geospatial analysis of personal exposure. It proposes a new, standalone, portable air monitor, GeoAir, which integrates a particulate matter (PM) sensor, volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor, humidity and temperature sensor, LTE-M and GPS module, Wi-Fi, long-lasting battery, and display screen. The preliminary laboratory test results demonstrate that the PM sensor shows strong performance when compared to a reference instrument. The VOC sensor presents reasonable accuracy, while further assessments with other types of VOC are needed. The field deployment and geo-visualization of the field data illustrate that GeoAir collects fine-grained, georeferenced air pollution data. GeoAir can be used by all citizens regardless of their technical proficiency and is widely applicable in many fields, including environmental justice and health disparity research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T07:45:29Z","timestamp":1622447129000},"page":"3761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["GeoAir\u2014A Novel Portable, GPS-Enabled, Low-Cost Air-Pollution Sensor: Design Strategies to Facilitate Citizen Science Research and Geospatial Assessments of Personal Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1860-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoo Min","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"Sousan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"},{"name":"North Carolina Agromedicine Institute, Greenville, NC 27834, USA"}]},{"given":"Dillon","family":"Streuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Winterville, NC 28590, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.10.002","article-title":"Individual exposure estimates may be erroneous when spatiotemporal variability of air pollution and human mobility are ignored","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.08.030","article-title":"Health effects of air pollution","volume":"114","author":"Bernstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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