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Current research usually focuses on light refraction caused by large-scale density structures in turbulence. A method for analyzing photon energy scattering caused by micro-scale structures is proposed in this paper, which can explain the macro image distortion caused by moving molecules in inhomogeneous airflow. Quantitative analysis of the propagation equation indicates that micro-scale structures may contribute more to the wavefront distortion than the widely considered large-scale structures. To analyze the micro mechanism of aero-optical effects, a transient simulator is designed based on the scaling model of transient distorted wavefronts and the artificial vortex structure. The simulation results demonstrate that correct aero-optical phenomena can be obtained from the micro mechanism of photon energy scattering. Examples of using the transient simulator to optimize the parameters of the star sensor on a hypersonic vehicle are provided. The proposed analysis method for micro-scale structures provides a new idea for studying the aero-optical effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T03:47:41Z","timestamp":1616384861000},"page":"2199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A New Method for Analyzing Aero-Optical Effects with Transient Simulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Zichen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Science and Technology on Space Intelligent Control Laboratory of China, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijng 100191, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2013.03.001","article-title":"A study on simulation method of starlight transmission in hypersonic conditions","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aerosp. 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