{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:51:08Z","timestamp":1740149468499,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1C1C1003425"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Cloud computing offers the services to access, manipulate and configure data online over the web. The cloud term refers to an internet network which is remotely available and accessible at anytime from anywhere. Cloud computing is undoubtedly an innovation as the investment in the real and physical infrastructure is much greater than the cloud technology investment. The present work addresses the issue of power consumption done by cloud infrastructure. As there is a need for algorithms and techniques that can reduce energy consumption and schedule resource for the effectiveness of servers. Load balancing is also a significant part of cloud technology that enables the balanced distribution of load among multiple servers to fulfill users\u2019 growing demand. The present work used various optimization algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), cat swarm optimization (CSO), BAT, cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) optimization algorithm and the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) for balancing the load, energy efficiency, and better resource scheduling to make an efficient cloud environment. In the case of seven servers and eight server\u2019s settings, the results revealed that whale optimization algorithm outperformed other algorithms in terms of response time, energy consumption, execution time and throughput.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T09:36:24Z","timestamp":1614332184000},"page":"1583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["An Optimized Framework for Energy-Resource Allocation in a Cloud Environment based on the Whale Optimization Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanky","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Scholar, CSE Department, IKGPTU, Jalandhar 144603, India"},{"name":"IT Department, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Punjab 140307, India"}]},{"given":"Shashi","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT Department, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Punjab 140307, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2879-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSE Department, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Punjab 140307, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu ul Hassan S.","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Raheel","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5206-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Fazal","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1912-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngdoo","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Wang, W., Li, Q., and Ma, D. (2013, January 13\u201315). Study of a Virtual Machine Migration Method. Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data, Nanjing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CBD.2013.33"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, A., and Kumar, R. (2016, January 25\u201326). A Multi Stage Load Balancing Technique for Cloud Environment. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), Tamilnadu, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICES.2016.7518921"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beltr\u00e1n, M., Guzm\u00e1n, A., and Bosque, J.L. (2006, January 6\u20139). Dealing with Heterogeneity in Load Balancing Algorithms. Proceedings of the 2006 Fifth International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Timisoara, Romania.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPDC.2006.17"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Van, H.N., Tran, F.D., and Menaud, J.M. (2009, January 23). Autonomic Virtual Resource Management for Service Hosting Platforms. Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering Challenges of Cloud Computing, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2011.04.017","article-title":"Energy-Aware Resource Allocation Heuristics for Efficient Management of Data Centres for Cloud Computing","volume":"28","author":"Beloglazov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aransay, I., Zapater, M., Arroba, P., and Moya, J.M. (July, January 27). A Trust and Reputation System for Energy Optimization in Cloud Data Centers. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2015.28"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"144","article-title":"A study on Particle Swarm Optimization Scheduling for cloud computing environment","volume":"5","author":"Bala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Gen. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.12.063","article-title":"Container-based fog computing architecture and energy-balancing scheduling algorithm for energy IoT","volume":"97","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100273","article-title":"Performance evaluation metrics for cloud, fog and edge computing: A review, taxonomy, benchmarks and standards for future research","volume":"12","author":"Aslanpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-011-0241-y","article-title":"Cuckoo search algorithm: A metaheuristic approach to solve structural optimization problems","volume":"29","author":"Gandomi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurya, A.K., and Tripathi, A.K. (2018, January 15\u201317). Deadline-Constrained Algorithms for Scheduling of Bag-of-Tasks and Workflows in Cloud Computing Environments. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on High Performance Compilation, Computing and Communications, Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/3195612.3195618"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"388","article-title":"A hybrid framework for job scheduling on cloud using firefly and BAT algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Hariharan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Intell. Data Min."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8718571","article-title":"A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Survey of Whale Optimization Algorithm","volume":"2019","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhargavi, K., and Babu, B.S. (2019, January 20\u201321). Load Balancing Scheme for the Public Cloud using Reinforcement Learning with Raven Roosting Optimization Policy (RROP). Proceedings of the 2019 4th International Conference on Computational Systems and Information Technology for Sustainable Solution (CSITSS), Bengaluru, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSITSS47250.2019.9031053"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Cai, W., Shen, J., Jin, D., and Linge, N. (2016, January 5\u20137). A Load-Balancing Approach Based on Modified K-ELM and NSGA-II in a Heterogeneous Cloud Environment. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE.2016.7430670"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, N., Kotecha, K., Choksi, D.B., and Pandya, S. (2018, January 4\u20136). Implementation of Novel Load Balancing Technique in Cloud Computing Environmen. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), Coimbatore, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCI.2018.8441212"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Faustina, J.M., Pavithra, B., Suchitra, S., and Subbulakshmi, P. (2019, January 12\u201314). Load Balancing in Cloud Environment using Self-Governing Agent. Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), Coimbatore, India."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Bundele, M., and Somwansi, D. (2018, January 22\u201325). An Adaptive Approach for Load Balancing in Cloud Computing Using MTB Load Balancing. Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), Jaipur, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRAIE.2018.8710433"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nehra, P., and Nagaraju, A. (2019, January 29\u201331). Sustainable Energy Consumption Modeling for Cloud Data Centers. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), Pune, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/I2CT45611.2019.9033927"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diouani, S., and Medromi, H. (2019, January 22\u201324). How Energy Consumption in the Cloud Data Center is Calculated. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies (ICCSRE), Agadir, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSRE.2019.8807458"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, L., Zhan, D., and Hohnerlein, J. (July, January 27). Optimizing Cloud Data Center Energy Efficiency via Dynamic Prediction of CPU Idle Intervals. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2015.133"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goyal, Y., Arya, M.S., and Nagpal, S. (2015, January 8\u201310). Energy Efficient Hybrid Policy in Green Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), Greater Noida, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICGCIoT.2015.7380621"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Song, H., and Wang, W. (2018, January 17\u201319). Intelligent Optimization-Based Energy-Efficient Networking in Cloud Services for Multimedia Big Data. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 37th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/PCCC.2018.8711069"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jasuja, K.P., and Kaur, K. (2016, January 21\u201322). Hybrid Soft Computing Approach for Energy Efficiency in Cloud Computing. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), Coimbatore, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/CESYS.2016.7889945"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A., Papli\u0144ski, A.P., Khan, A.M., Murshed, M., and Buyya, R. (2018, January 23\u201326). Exploiting User Provided Information in Dynamic Consolidation of Virtual Machines to Minimize Energy Consumption of Cloud Data Centers. Proceedings of the 2018 Third International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC), Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/FMEC.2018.8364052"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40294-015-0012-5","article-title":"Energy efficiency in big data complex systems: A comprehensive survey of modern energy saving techniques","volume":"3","author":"Majeed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Complex Adapt. Syst. Model."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Santhiya, C. (2017, January 23\u201324). Dynamic Resource Scheduling Using Delay Time Algorithm in Cloud Environment. Proceedings of the 2017 2nd International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT), Chennai, India."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.10.034","article-title":"A three-dimensional virtual resource scheduling method for energy saving in cloud computing","volume":"69","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samadi, Y., Zbakh, M., and Tadonki, C. (2018). DT-MG: Many-to-one matching game for tasks scheduling towards resources optimization in cloud computing. Int. J. Comput. Appl., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1080\/1206212X.2018.1519630"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, M.M., Alrubaian, M., and Alamri, A. (February, January 31). Effective QoS-Aware Novel Resource Allocation Model for Body Sensor-Integrated Cloud Platform. Proceedings of the 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), Pyeongchang, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACT.2016.7423485"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04484-4","article-title":"A modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm for scientific workflow scheduling using clustering techniques","volume":"24","author":"Karpagam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.02.110","article-title":"A Two Pass Scheduling Policy Based Resource Allocation for MapReduce","volume":"46","author":"Raj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5285","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5285","article-title":"An efficient method for allocating resources in a cloud computing environment with a load balancing approach","volume":"31","author":"Pourghaffari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"108","article-title":"Dynamic load balancing algorithm to minimize the makespan time and utilize the resources effectively in cloud environment","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adhikari, M., and Amgoth, T. (2018, January 28\u201329). An Enhanced Dynamic Load Balancing Mechanism for Task Deployment in IaaS Cloud. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON), Greater Noida, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/GUCON.2018.8674932"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Jena, U., Das, P., and Kabat, M. (2020). Hybridization of meta-heuristic algorithm for load balancing in cloud computing environment. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.106860","article-title":"A hybrid of firefly and improved particle swarm optimization algorithms for load balancing in cloud environments: Performance evaluation","volume":"162","author":"Golchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haidri, R.A., Katti, C.P., and Saxena, P.C. (2019). Capacity based deadline aware dynamic load balancing (CPDALB) model in cloud computing environment. Int. J. Comput. Appl., 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1080\/1206212X.2019.1640932"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, J., and Sidhu, B.K. (2017, January 21\u201323). A New Flower Pollination Based Task Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud Environment. Proceedings of the 2017 4th International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control (ISPCC), Solan, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPCC.2017.8269722"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2019.1605001","article-title":"Nature-inspired cost optimisation for enterprise cloud systems using joint allocation of resources","volume":"15","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.21629\/JSEE.2019.05.14","article-title":"MTSS: Multi-path traffic scheduling mechanism based on SDN","volume":"30","author":"Xiaolong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Syst. Eng. Electron."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, S., Sood, Y.R., and Tomar, A. (2019). Applications of Computing, Automation and Wireless Systems in Electrical Engineering: Proceedings of MARC 2018, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6772-4"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(04)63004-X","article-title":"Power Analysis and Optimization Techniques for Energy Efficient Computer Systems","volume":"63","author":"Chedid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Kumar, D. (2014). Energy Efficient Resource Allocation for Cloud Computing. [Ph.D. Thesis, National Institute of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Satapathy, S.C., Bhateja, V., Raju, K.S., and Janakiramaiah, B. (2016, January 28\u201329). Data Engineering and Intelligent Computing. Proceedings of the IC3T, Andhra Pradesh, India."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., and Fan, X. (2009, January 11\u201314). The Analysis and Improvement of Binary Particle Swarm Optimization. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIS.2009.261"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1587\/transfun.E98.A.645","article-title":"Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Job Scheduling in Cloud Systems","volume":"98","author":"Amtade","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-3773-3_29","article-title":"A Cuckoo Search Algorithm-Based Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing","volume":"Volume 554","author":"Agarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgaiyan, S., Sagnika, S., and Das, M. (2014, January 21\u201322). Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environment Using Cat Swarm Optimization. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), New Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/IAdCC.2014.6779406"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, A.M., Rashid, T.A., and Saeed, S.A.M. Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm: A Survey and Performance Evaluation. Comput. Intell. Neurosci., 2020.","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.11656458"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCSM.2014.064070","article-title":"Bat algorithm with Gaussian walk for directing orbits of chaotic systems","volume":"5","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Math."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raghavan, S., Sarwesh, P., Marimuthu, C., and Chandrasekaran, K. (2015, January 29\u201330). Bat Algorithm for Scheduling Workflow Applications in Cloud. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Electronic Design, Computer Networks & Automated Verification (EDCAV), Shillong, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/EDCAV.2015.7060555"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"6663","article-title":"Task Scheduling on Virtual Machines using BAT Strategy for Efficient Utilization of Re-sources in Cloud Environment","volume":"12","author":"Rani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thennarasu, S.R., Selvam, M., and Srihari, K. (2020). A new whale optimizer for workflow scheduling in cloud computing environment. J. Ambient. Intell. Humaniz. Comput., 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-01678-9"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsaih, M.A., Latip, R., Abdullah, A., Subramaniam, S.K., and Alezabi, K.A. (2020). Dynamic Job Scheduling Strategy Using Jobs Characteristics in Cloud Computing. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12101638"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, M., Li, G., Yang, W., and Tian, W. (2015, January 19\u201321). FlexCloud: A Flexible and Extendible Simulator for Performance Evaluation of Virtual Machine Allocation. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Smart City\/SocialCom\/SustainCom (SmartCity), Chengdu, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartCity.2015.143"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/724524","article-title":"A Novel Cost Based Model for Energy Consumption in Cloud Computing","volume":"2015","author":"Horri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makaratzis, A.T., Filelis-Papadopoulos, C.K., Giannoutakis, K.M., Gravvanis, G.A., and Tzovaras, D. (2017, January 28). A Comparative Study of CPU Power Consumption Models for Cloud Simulation Frameworks. Proceedings of the 21st Pan-Hellenic Conference on Informatics; Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3139367.3139409"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2973294","article-title":"Whale Optimization Algorithm with Applications to Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks","volume":"69","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/5\/1583\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T17:43:00Z","timestamp":1720460580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/5\/1583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s21051583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21051583","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]}}}