{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T14:10:26Z","timestamp":1720361426076},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MILLIHAND RTI2018-095825-B-I00"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011941","name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRUPIN-IDI-2018-000191"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRUPIN-IDI-2018-000191"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"TSK","award":["Open Innovation Program"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In this paper, a portable three-dimensional (3D) scanning system for the accurate characterization of large raw material (e.g., cereal grain, coal, etc.) stockpiles is presented. The system comprises an array of high resolution millimeter-wave radars and a cm-level accuracy positioning system to accurately characterize large stockpiles by means of a high-resolution 3D map, making it suitable for automation purposes. A control unit manages the data received by the sensors, which are sent to a computer system for processing. As a proof of concept, the entire sensor system is evaluated in a real environment for electromagnetically scan a scaled stockpile of coal, used in the industry for handling raw materials. In addition, a highly efficient processing adaptive algorithm that may reconstruct the scanned structure in real-time has been introduced, enabling continuous dynamic updating of the information. Results are compared with those from a photogrammetry-like technique, revealing an excellent agreement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T14:59:40Z","timestamp":1611586780000},"page":"757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Portable Electromagnetic System Based on mm-Wave Radars and GNSS-RTK Solutions for 3D Scanning of Large Material Piles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3726-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9286-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Narciandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6501-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Laviada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3625-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"\u00c1lvarez L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Las-Heras Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, D., Hwang, S., Kim, B., Ahn, Y., Lee, J., and Han, J. 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