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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T18:16:07Z","timestamp":1732040167466},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Autonomous vehicles enable the development of smart warehouses and smart factories with an increased visibility, flexibility and efficiency. Thus, effective and affordable localisation methods for indoor vehicles are attracting interest to implement real-time applications. This paper presents an Extended Kalman Smoother design to both localise a mobile agent and reconstruct its entire trajectory through a sensor-fusion employing the UHF-RFID passive technology. Extensive simulations are carried out by considering the smoother optimal-window length and the effect of missing measurements from reference tags. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted for different vehicle trajectories and for different linear and angular velocities to evaluate the method accuracy. Then, an experimental analysis with a unicycle wheeled robot is performed in real indoor scenario, showing a position and orientation root mean square errors of 15 cm, and 0.2 rad, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T14:49:21Z","timestamp":1611240561000},"page":"717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Robot Localisation Using UHF-RFID Tags: A Kalman Smoother Approach \u2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Shamsfakhr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3281-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Motroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2393-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Palopoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1363-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Buffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Constructions Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7542-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Nepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Fontanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2014.2312079","article-title":"Industrie 4.0: Hit or Hype? 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