{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:49:46Z","timestamp":1740149386946,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2019YFB2102303"]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971014","11675199","61202076"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4192007"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Wi-Fi uploading is considered an effective method for offloading the traffic of cellular networks generated by the data uploading process of mobile crowd sensing applications. However, previously proposed Wi-Fi uploading schemes mainly focus on optimizing one performance objective: the offloaded cellular traffic or the reduced uploading cost. In this paper, we propose an Intelligent Data Uploading Selection Mechanism (IDUSM) to realize a trade-off between the offloaded traffic of cellular networks and participants\u2019 uploading cost considering the differences among participants\u2019 data plans and direct and indirect opportunistic transmissions. The mechanism first helps the source participant choose an appropriate data uploading manner based on the proposed probability prediction model, and then optimizes its performance objective for the chosen data uploading manner. In IDUSM, our proposed probability prediction model precisely predicts a participant\u2019s mobility from spatial and temporal aspects, and we decrease data redundancy produced in the Wi-Fi offloading process to reduce waste of participants\u2019 limited resources (e.g., storage, battery). Simulation results show that the offloading efficiency of our proposed IDUSM is (56.54\u00d710\u22127), and the value is the highest among the other three Wi-Fi offloading mechanisms. Meanwhile, the offloading ratio and uploading cost of IDUSM are respectively 52.1% and (6.79\u00d7103). Compared with other three Wi-Fi offloading mechanisms, it realized a trade-off between the offloading ratio and the uploading cost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1604552437000},"page":"6287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Intelligent Data Uploading Selection Mechanism for Offloading Uplink Traffic of Cellular Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4542-8727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Guizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, B., Yu, Z., Zhou, X., and Zhang, D. 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