{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T06:31:44Z","timestamp":1722407504751},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["764461"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In optical camera communications (OCC), the provision of both flicker-free illumination and high data rates are challenging issues, which can be addressed by utilizing the rolling-shutter (RS) property of the image sensors as the receiver (Rx). In this paper, we propose an RS-based multiple-input multiple-output OCC scheme for the Internet of things (IoT) application. A simplified design of multi-channel transmitter (Tx) using a 7.2 \u00d7 7.2 cm2 small 8 \u00d7 8 distributed light emitting diode (LED) array, based on grouping of LEDs, is proposed for flicker-free transmission. We carry out an experimental investigation of the indoor OCC system by employing a Raspberry Pi camera as the Rx, with RS capturing mode. Despite the small area of the display, flicker-free communication links within the range of 20\u2013100 cm are established with data throughput of 960 to 120 bps sufficient for IoT. A method to extend link spans up to 1.8 m and the data throughput to 13.44 kbps using different configurations of multi-channel Tx is provided. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of ~14 and 16 dB and the rate of successfully received bits of 99.4 and 81% are measured for the shutter speeds of 200 and 800 \u00b5s for a link span of 1 m, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T09:56:27Z","timestamp":1592214987000},"page":"3361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Optical Camera Communications for IoT\u2013Rolling-Shutter Based MIMO Scheme with Grouped LED Array Transmitter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivani Rajendra","family":"Teli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Matus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav","family":"Zvanovec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Perez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3185-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav","family":"Vitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5780-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zabih","family":"Ghassemlooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736746","article-title":"Five disruptive technology directions for 5G","volume":"52","author":"Boccardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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