{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T05:12:04Z","timestamp":1725253924747},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["764461"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC 2017-84065-C3-1-R"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Optical camera communications (OCC) research field has grown recently, aided by ubiquitous digital cameras; however, atmospheric conditions can restrict their feasibility in outdoor scenarios. In this work, we studied an experimental OCC system under environmental phenomena emulated in a laboratory chamber. We found that the heat-induced turbulence does not affect our system significantly, while the attenuation caused by fog does decrease the signal quality. For this reason, a novel strategy is proposed, using the camera\u2019s built-in amplifier to overcome the optical power loss and to decrease the quantization noise induced by the analog-digital converter of the camera. The signal quality has been evaluated using the Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient with respect to a reference template signal, along with the signal-to-noise ratio that has been empirically evaluated. The amplification mechanism introduced allows our system to receive the OCC signal under heavy fog by gradually increasing the camera gain up to 16 dB, for meteorological visibility values down to 10 m, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9 with respect to clear conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T08:18:48Z","timestamp":1580890728000},"page":"757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Experimentally Derived Feasibility of Optical Camera Communications under Turbulence and Fog Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Matus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7819-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Eso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Communications Research Group, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-6354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivani Rajendra","family":"Teli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8849-592X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Perez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7902-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav","family":"Zvanovec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2016.2545643","article-title":"Mobile phone camera-based indoor visible light communications with rotation compensation","volume":"8","author":"Cahyadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24082","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.024082","article-title":"Performance evaluation of neural network assisted motion detection schemes implemented within indoor optical camera based communications","volume":"27","author":"Teli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. 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