{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T11:12:05Z","timestamp":1723201925383},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Light emitting diode (LED) and ultrasound have been powerful treatment stimuli for tumor cell growth due to non-radiation effects. This research is the first preliminary study of tumor cell suppression using a macro-lens-supported 460-nm LED combined with high-frequency ultrasound. The cell density, when exposed to the LED combined with ultrasound, was gradually reduced after 30 min of induction for up to three consecutive days when 48-W DC, 20-cycle, and 50 Vp-p sinusoidal pulses were applied to the LEDs through a designed macro lens and to the ultrasound transducer, respectively. Using a developed macro lens, the non-directional light beam emitted from the LED could be localized to a certain spot, likewise with ultrasound, to avoid additional undesirable thermal effects on the small sized tumor cells. In the experimental results, compared to LED-only induction (14.49 \u00b1 2.73%) and ultrasound-only induction (13.27 \u00b1 2.33%), LED combined with ultrasound induction exhibited the lowest cell density (6.25 \u00b1 1.25%). Therefore, our measurement data demonstrated that a macro-lens-supported 460-nm LED combined with an ultrasound transducer could possibly suppress early stage tumor cells effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T16:22:51Z","timestamp":1575908571000},"page":"5427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Macro Lens-Based Optical System Design for Phototherapeutic Instrumentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hojong","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7298-4147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se-woon","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6318-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Myung","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.12.889","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"90","author":"Dougherty","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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