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{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:48:29Z","timestamp":1740149309324,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union ERC Advanced Grant \u201cneuroXscales\u201d","award":["AdG 694829"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"We present a monolithic biosensor platform, based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs), for the detection of the neurotransmitter glutamate. We used an array of 9\u2032216 CNTFET devices with 96 integrated readout and amplification channels that was realized in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology (CMOS). The detection principle is based on amperometry, where electrochemically active hydrogen peroxide, a product of the enzymatic reaction of the target analyte and an enzyme that was covalently bonded to the CNTFET, modulated the conductance of the CNTFET-based sensors. We assessed the performance of the CNTs as enzymatic sensors by evaluating the minimal resolvable concentration change of glutamate in aqueous solutions. The minimal resolvable concentration change amounted to 10 \u00b5M of glutamate, which was one of the best values reported for CMOS-based systems so far.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19143080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T15:49:38Z","timestamp":1562946578000},"page":"3080","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Carbon-Nanotube-Based Monolithic CMOS Platform for Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitter Glutamate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dudina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"MaxWell Biosystems AG, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3838-2468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hierlemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200602043","article-title":"Carbon nanotube field-effect-transistor-based biosensors","volume":"19","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. 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