{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:49:04Z","timestamp":1740149344319,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"Canopy temperature (Tc) by thermal imaging is a useful tool to study plant water status and estimate other crop traits. This work seeks to estimate grain yield (GY) and carbon discrimination (\u039413C) from stress degree day (SDD = Tc \u2212 air temperature, Ta), considering the effect of a number of environmental variables such as the averages of the maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax) and the ambient temperature (Tmax), and the soil water content (SWC). For this, a set of 384 and a subset of 16 genotypes of spring bread wheat were evaluated in two Mediterranean-climate sites under water stress (WS) and full irrigation (FI) conditions, in 2011 and 2012, and 2014 and 2015, respectively. The relationship between the GY of the 384 wheat genotypes and SDD was negative and highly significant in 2011 (r2 = 0.52 to 0.68), but not significant in 2012 (r2 = 0.03 to 0.12). Under WS, the average GY, \u039413C, and SDD of wheat genotypes growing in ten environments were more associated with changes in VPDmax and Tmax than with the SWC. Therefore, the amount of water available to the plant is not enough information to assume that a particular genotype is experiencing a stress condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T15:15:58Z","timestamp":1560438958000},"page":"2676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Thermal Imaging Reliability for Estimating Grain Yield and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Wheat Genotypes: Importance of the Environmental Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Romero-Bravo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Curic\u00f3 P.O. Box 684, Chile"},{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-4224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8025-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Poblete-Echeverr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Transferencia en Riego y Agroclimatolog\u00eda (CITRA), Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Matus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Regional Investigaci\u00f3n Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chill\u00e1n P.O. Box 426, Chile"}]},{"given":"Dalma","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Regional Investigaci\u00f3n Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chill\u00e1n P.O. Box 426, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0710-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"del Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Lobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Phenomic Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca P.O. Box 747, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1963.00021962005500020043x","article-title":"Plant Temperatures 1","volume":"55","author":"Tanner","year":"1963","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Non-invasive water status detection in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by thermography","volume":"2","author":"Zia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erf083","article-title":"Use of infrared thermography for monitoring stomatal closure in the field: Application to grapevine","volume":"53","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. 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